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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:19

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...
Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management01:27

Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management

A pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus, amniotic fluid, tumor tissue, fat, or air embolus blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Effective nursing management and patient education are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence.Nursing management starts with obtaining a comprehensive patient history, particularly noting any history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Assess for clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, heart murmurs, and signs of right-sided...
Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Myocardial Infarction by Percutaneous Embolization Coil Deployment in a Swine Model
05:52

Myocardial Infarction by Percutaneous Embolization Coil Deployment in a Swine Model

Published on: November 4, 2021

Systemic embolism in takotsubo syndrome.

Giuseppe Andò, Francesco Saporito, Olimpia Trio

    International Journal of Cardiology
    |March 28, 2008
    PubMed
    Summary

    Takotsubo syndrome, or broken heart syndrome, can cause blood clots in the heart. These clots may travel and block arteries, leading to serious conditions like leg ischemia.

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    Myocardial Infarction by Percutaneous Embolization Coil Deployment in a Swine Model
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    Postconditioning with Lactate-enriched Blood for Cardioprotection in ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
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    Postconditioning with Lactate-enriched Blood for Cardioprotection in ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

    Published on: May 28, 2019

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Neurology
    • Vascular Medicine

    Background:

    • Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is characterized by left ventricular dysfunction.
    • It is often triggered by emotional or physical stress.
    • Potential complications include thromboembolic events.

    Observation:

    • A 57-year-old woman presented with acute left leg ischemia due to popliteal artery occlusion.
    • She had experienced chest pain and ECG changes consistent with TTS.
    • Echocardiography revealed left ventricular wall motion abnormalities.

    Findings:

    • Coronary angiography excluded obstructive atherosclerotic disease.
    • Left ventriculography confirmed apical ballooning and intraventricular thrombosis.
    • Left leg angiography demonstrated diffuse embolization in the popliteal artery, indicating a cardioembolic source.

    Implications:

    • This case provides the first direct visualization of systemic cardiogenic embolism in TTS.
    • It highlights that ventricular thrombosis can occur early in TTS.
    • Physicians must consider TTS as a potential cause of systemic embolism, even before wall motion normalization.