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Related Concept Videos

Expressing Solution Concentration02:48

Expressing Solution Concentration

A solute is a component of a solution that is typically present at a much lower concentration than the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
Concentrations may be quantitatively assessed using a wide variety of measurement units, each convenient for particular applications. Molarity (M) is a useful concentration unit for many applications in chemistry.
Solution Concentration and Dilution02:59

Solution Concentration and Dilution

The relative amount of a given solution component is known as its concentration. Often, though not always, a solution contains one component with a concentration that is significantly greater than that of all other components. This component is called the solvent and may be viewed as the medium in which the other components are dispersed or dissolved. Solutions in which water is the solvent are, of course, very common on our planet. A solution in which water is the solvent is called an aqueous...
Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations02:05

Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations

Being able to calculate equilibrium concentrations is essential to many areas of science and technology—for example, in the formulation and dosing of pharmaceutical products. After a drug is ingested or injected, it is typically involved in several chemical equilibria that affect its ultimate concentration in the body system of interest. Knowledge of the quantitative aspects of these equilibria is required to compute a dosage amount that will solicit the desired therapeutic effect.
A more...
Calculating the Equilibrium Constant02:46

Calculating the Equilibrium Constant

The equilibrium constant for a reaction is calculated from the equilibrium concentrations (or pressures) of its reactants and products. If these concentrations are known, the calculation simply involves their substitution into the Kc expression.
For example, gaseous nitrogen dioxide forms dinitrogen tetroxide according to this equation:
Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor03:08

Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor

Colligative Properties of ElectrolytesThe colligative properties of a solution depend only on the number, not on the identity, of solute species dissolved. The concentration terms in the equations for various colligative properties (freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, osmotic pressure) pertain to all solute species present in the solution. Nonelectrolytes dissolve physically without dissociation or any other accompanying process. Each molecule that dissolves yields one dissolved...
The Small x Assumption02:20

The Small x Assumption

If a reaction has a small equilibrium constant, the equilibrium position favors the reactants. In such reactions, a negligible change in concentration may occur if the initial concentrations of reactants are high and the Kc value is small. In such circumstances, the equilibrium concentration is approximately equal to its initial concentration. This estimation can be used to simplify the equilibrium calculations by assuming that some equilibrium concentrations are equal to the initial...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Expression of Cementitious Pore Solution and the Analysis of Its Chemical Composition and Resistivity Using X-ray Fluorescence
06:27

Expression of Cementitious Pore Solution and the Analysis of Its Chemical Composition and Resistivity Using X-ray Fluorescence

Published on: September 23, 2018

Correcting the concentration index.

Guido Erreygers1

  • 1Department of Economics, University of Antwerp, City Campus, Prinsstraat 13, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium. guido.erreygers@ua.ac.be

Journal of Health Economics
|March 28, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces an improved Concentration Index to better measure socioeconomic health inequality. The corrected index is rank-dependent and addresses limitations of previous versions for more accurate health equity analysis.

Area of Science:

  • Health Economics
  • Public Health
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • The Concentration Index is widely used to assess socioeconomic inequalities in health.
  • Existing versions of the Concentration Index have known limitations and shortcomings.
  • Previous modifications to the Concentration Index offer only partial solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a corrected version of the Concentration Index.
  • To develop a superior indicator for socioeconomic health inequality.
  • To ensure the corrected index meets key theoretical requirements.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a rank-dependent corrected Concentration Index.
  • Evaluation of the corrected index against established criteria (transfer, level independence, cardinal invariance, mirror).

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  • Demonstration of the index's decomposability and generalizability.

    • Main Results:

    • The proposed corrected Concentration Index is superior to the original and its variants.
    • The corrected index satisfies four key requirements: transfer, level independence, cardinal invariance, and mirror.
    • The corrected Concentration Index can be effectively decomposed and generalized.

    Conclusions:

    • The corrected Concentration Index offers a more robust measure of socioeconomic health inequality.
    • This improved indicator addresses critical shortcomings of existing measures.
    • The corrected index provides a valuable tool for health equity research and policy.