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Related Concept Videos

Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
Frustration and Conflict: Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance01:20

Frustration and Conflict: Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance

Frustration occurs when people are obstructed or prevented from achieving a desired goal or fulfilling a perceived need. For example, when someone's input is ignored in a discussion, it can lead to feelings of frustration. Conflict, however, arises from opposing interests, goals, or actions. Conflicts can take various forms based on the nature of these opposing desires or goals.
One common type of conflict is the Approach–Approach Conflict. In this case, a person faces two desirable options,...
Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
Frustration and Conflict: Avoidance-Avoidance, Double-Approach Avoidance01:14

Frustration and Conflict: Avoidance-Avoidance, Double-Approach Avoidance

Avoidance-avoidance conflict refers to a psychological situation where a person must choose between two or more unpleasant alternatives. These conflicts are particularly stressful because neither option is desirable. This dilemma is often expressed in sayings like "caught between a rock and a hard place" or "between the devil and the deep blue sea." For instance, individuals who fear dental procedures may find themselves torn between enduring a painful toothache or facing the anxiety of...
Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).
Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can have a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Functional Imaging with Reinforcement, Eyetracking, and Physiological Monitoring
08:47

Functional Imaging with Reinforcement, Eyetracking, and Physiological Monitoring

Published on: November 13, 2008

Functional imaging of decision conflict.

Jean-Baptiste Pochon1, Jason Riis, Alan G Sanfey

  • 1INSERM Avenir IFR70 and U610, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75103 Paris, France.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|March 28, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Decision conflict, the uncertainty when choosing between options, is linked to suboptimal decisions. This study shows the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is involved in decision conflict, not just motor responses.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Decision Science

Background:

  • Decision conflict arises from uncertainty between similarly attractive or unattractive options, often leading to poor decision-making.
  • Previous research suggests the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) monitors conflict, but its role in choice versus motor response selection remains debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neurobiological basis of decision conflict, focusing on the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC).
  • To differentiate the ACC's role in decision-making conflict versus motor response conflict.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to analyze brain activity.
  • Designed a decision task that dissociates the decision-making phase from the motor response phase.

Main Results:

  • The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) activity was significantly correlated with conflict during the decision-making stage.
  • This finding held true for complex decisions integrating beliefs and preferences, not solely perceptual judgments.

Conclusions:

  • The ACC plays a crucial role in monitoring and signaling conflict specifically at the decision-making level.
  • These findings clarify the ACC's function in complex choices, extending beyond simple motor response selection.