B-type natriuretic peptide decreases gastric emptying and absorption

Natriuretic peptides have been shown to decrease contractility of isolated gastric smooth muscle cells. However there is a paucity of research showing whether this effect has functional significance in the whole animal. The objective of this study was to test whether intravenously administered B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) has an effect on gastric emptying and/or absorption in a whole animal mouse model. C57BL/6-Wild-type (WT) and Natriuretic Peptide Receptor type A (NPR-A) knockout (KO) mice were used in these studies. Gastric contractility was examined in anesthetized mice before and after BNP vs. vehicle injection. Gastric emptying of gavage fed 70 Kilo Dalton (kDa) FITC-dextran and absorption of 4 kDa FITC-dextran were compared in BNP vs. vehicle treated conscious WT and KO mice. BNP decreased gastric contractility (measured in change in intragastric pressure) from 2.26 +/- 0.29 to 1.44 +/- 0.11 mmHg (P < 0.05), pressure returned to 2.08 +/- 0.17 after 5 BNP half-lives (P < 0.05). There was no significant change in the vehicle or KO. BNP also decreased gastric emptying in WT mice compared to vehicle, 87.8 +/- 0.8% vs. 97.3 +/- 1.04% (P < 0.05) and this effect showed a dose-response relationship. In KO mice emptying was 95.8 +/- 0.5% (BNP) vs. 91.7 +/- 0.7% (Vehicle) (P > 0.05). The absorption in WT mice was 28.2 +/- 7.8 (relative fluorescence units) for BNP vs. 91 +/- 25.9 for vehicle (P < 0.05). For KO mice absorption was 64.3 +/- 14.9 for BNP vs. 60.6 +/- 17.4 for vehicle (P > 0.05). The results show that BNP decreases intragastric pressure, emptying and absorption by acting via the NPR-A receptor. We postulate that this effect is aimed at decreasing preload through decreased water and electrolyte absorption from the GI tract and may also be responsible for the symptoms of impaired gastrointestinal function observed in heart failure patients.