[Relapsing infection of cranial prosthesis sustained by Enterobacter cloacae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus...

We describe the case of a young man who suffered from relapsing infections of a cranial prosthesis implanted in 1982 after a serious accident. The presence of a bacterial infection was diagnosed by microbiological assays performed on purulent drainage from the surgical wound, removed prosthetic material and bone biopsies obtained intraoperatively. The first prosthesis infection was sustained by two nosocomial pathogens, Enterobacter cloacae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); it was treated for eight weeks with parenteral antibiotic therapy, including teicoplanin and piperacillin/tazobactam, in association with surgical debridement and prosthesis removal. The following relapse, sustained by Enterobacter cloacae, was treated with a prolonged course of parenteral antibiotic therapy and prosthesis substitution. A third infection was diagnosed two months after the last cranioplasty: cultures of purulent drainage grew MRSA and Staphylococcus gallinarum. In addition to radical debridement, oral antibiotic treatment including linezolid was introduced. Antibiotic therapy was stopped after 10 weeks; at a follow-up visit performed after three years no signs or symptoms of relapse were evident. This case shows the difficulty in eradicating prosthesis infections, and demonstrates the central role of radical surgical debridement and the need of appropriate antibiotic treatment in dosing and duration.