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Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Operating and Biocontainment Procedures of a Facility for Laboratory Mice with a Natural Microbiome: Immunophenotyping Procedure
Published on: December 13, 2024
Biological uncertainty
Joseph P Zbilut1, Alessandro Giuliani
1Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, 1653 W. Congress Pkwy, Chicago, IL, USA. jzbilut@rush.edu
Abstract:
Heisenberg's uncertainty relation has inspired speculations in a variety of scientific fields. Most of these speculations have wandered significantly far from the original formulation; yet, they may have been useful for a critical examination of methodological issues. As molecular genetics and its complexities evolve amid a backdrop of technological innovation, new "uncertainties" may have emerged. We present some of these uncertainties not as impediments, but as challenges to be recognized and managed.
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