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Related Concept Videos

Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now?
Case Studies01:22

Case Studies

There are many research methods available to psychologists in their efforts to understand, describe, and explain behavior and the cognitive and biological processes that underlie it.
Spontaneity02:21

Spontaneity

A spontaneous process is one that occurs naturally under certain conditions. A nonspontaneous process, on the other hand, will not take place unless it is “driven” by the continual input of energy from an external source. Processes have a natural tendency to occur in one direction under a given set of conditions. Water will naturally flow downhill (spontaneous process), but uphill flow (nonspontaneous process) requires outside intervention such as the use of a pump. Iron exposed to the earth’s...
Unusual Results01:16

Unusual Results

Unusual results are those that have a very low chance of occurring. Unusual results can be identified using probabilities and the range rule of thumb. In problems involving probability, unusual results can be observed in 2 instances – an unusually high number of successes or an unusually low number of successes.
According to the range rule of thumb, any value above or below two standard deviations, 2σ  from the mean, μ  is considered unusual.
Maximum unusual value = μ + 2σ
Minimum unusual value...
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
Nonconscious Mimicry01:13

Nonconscious Mimicry

Nonconscious mimicry occurs when individuals alter their mannerisms to match the behaviors and expressions of those nearby, without intention.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Rare Event Detection Using Error-corrected DNA and RNA Sequencing
10:36

Rare Event Detection Using Error-corrected DNA and RNA Sequencing

Published on: August 3, 2018

A case of serendipity*.

T Forrester1

  • 1Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Sciences, St. Louis University Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA, FORRESMT@SLU.EDU.

Purinergic Signalling
|March 28, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is released from active muscle and influences cells externally. This extracellular ATP has potential roles in exercise, cancer therapy, and aging.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Acetylcholine bioassays unexpectedly identified adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release from skeletal muscle.
  • This discovery led to the broader concept of extracellular ATP influencing cell function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the release and function of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
  • To investigate ATP's role in various physiological and pathological conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a sensitive bioassay system for neurotransmitter measurement.
  • Applied identification procedures to exercising human muscle, cardiac cells, and hypoxic erythrocytes.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed ATP release from active skeletal muscle in vitro and in vivo.

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A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts

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  • Demonstrated ATP's extracellular influence on cell function across different cell types and conditions.
  • Discussed ATP release mechanisms triggered by mechanical distortion, depolarization, and hypoxia.
  • Conclusions:

    • Extracellular ATP is a signaling molecule with diverse physiological roles.
    • Potential therapeutic applications of extracellular ATP in cancer, radiation therapy, and aging warrant further investigation.
    • Extracellular ATP released from muscle during exercise may have local and distant effects.