[First experience with intravenous thrombolysis in ischemic stroke in Serbia]

Systemic thrombolytic therapy in the first three hours of acute ischemic stroke (IS) significantly improves its outcome. This therapy was approved for treatment in USA in 1997, and in most European countries in 2002. First intravenous thrombolysis of 15 in Serbia was carried out in February 2006.

We present our preliminary experience with intravenous thrombolysis in treating patients with acute IS and compare it with the results of other clinical studies.

All patients with IS treated with intravenous thrombolysis in our department were included in the study. The time of stroke onset, first neurological exam, time of CT exam and beginning of therapy were recorded. The early CT signs of ischemia were graded by the ASPECTS score. Neurological deficit was assessed with NIHSS score and functional outcome with modified Rankin Scale (mRS).

During the eight-month period intravenous thrombolysis was given to 12 patients with acute IS, aged 18 to 66 years, of whom 75% were younger than 55 years. Median time from symptom onset to hospital door was 57.5 minutes, median time door-to-CT was 32.5 minutes, and the time from symptom onset to treatment was 155 minutes. Early CT signs of ischemia were present in 10 patients with median ASPECTS score 9. Median initial NIHSS score was 16.5 with its decline during the first 24 hours for at least 5 points in 58% of patients. Symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage was present in one patient. After 30 days of follow-up 42% of patients had favourable outcome (mRS<1). In only 2 patients the outcome was poor (mRS 4-5). One patient died with signs of cardiac failure.

Despite a small number of patients with short time of follow up, these results with thrombolysis in acute IS were found to be consistent with other authors' reports. Uniqueness of our series of patients who received thrombolysis as compared to other studies was their very young age.