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Related Concept Videos

Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
GTPases and their Regulation02:14

GTPases and their Regulation

Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins), also known as GTPases, are a superfamily of proteins that regulate many cellular processes, such as cell signaling, vesicular transport, and the regulation of cell shape and motility. Mutation or dysfunction of these proteins can lead to disease. There are around 40,000 known G-proteins that can broadly be classified into two groups ‒  small G-proteins consisting of a single domain and large multi-domain G-proteins.
Large G-proteins, also known...
GTPases and their Regulation02:14

GTPases and their Regulation

Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins), also known as GTPases, are a superfamily of proteins that regulate many cellular processes, such as cell signaling, vesicular transport, and the regulation of cell shape and motility. Mutation or dysfunction of these proteins can lead to disease. There are around 40,000 known G-proteins that can broadly be classified into two groups ‒  small G-proteins consisting of a single domain and large multi-domain G-proteins.
Large G-proteins, also known...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes
10:09

Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes

Published on: September 13, 2022

Many faces of separase regulation.

Andrew J Holland1, Stephen S Taylor

  • 1Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA.

SEB Experimental Biology Series
|March 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Yeast genetics identified key cell division proteins, but the exact mechanism of sister chromatid separation remains unclear. Future research needs real-time biomarkers and specific targeting of securin to understand cohesin cleavage regulation.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Yeast genetics has been crucial in identifying proteins involved in sister chromatid cohesion and anaphase separation.
  • A complete molecular understanding of the 'all-or-nothing' nature of sister chromatid separation is still lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms controlling cohesin cleavage at anaphase.
  • To understand how multiple control layers affect separase and its substrates.
  • To develop tools for studying separase activation and cohesin cleavage in real-time.

Main Methods:

  • Leveraging yeast genetics to identify conserved cell division machinery.
  • Focusing on the regulation of separase and its substrates, including cohesin.

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Studying Proteolysis of Cyclin B at the Single Cell Level in Whole Cell Populations
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Studying Proteolysis of Cyclin B at the Single Cell Level in Whole Cell Populations

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Time-lapse Imaging of Mitosis After siRNA Transfection
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Time-lapse Imaging of Mitosis After siRNA Transfection

Published on: June 6, 2010

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes
10:09

Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes

Published on: September 13, 2022

Studying Proteolysis of Cyclin B at the Single Cell Level in Whole Cell Populations
10:54

Studying Proteolysis of Cyclin B at the Single Cell Level in Whole Cell Populations

Published on: September 17, 2012

Time-lapse Imaging of Mitosis After siRNA Transfection
08:21

Time-lapse Imaging of Mitosis After siRNA Transfection

Published on: June 6, 2010

  • Proposing the development of in vivo real-time biomarkers.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified conserved components in yeast that regulate sister chromatid cohesion and separation.
    • Highlighted the need for further research into the 'all-or-nothing' separation mechanism.
    • Emphasized the importance of understanding separase and cohesin regulation.

    Conclusions:

    • Future research should focus on the complex regulatory networks governing separase activation and cohesin cleavage.
    • Development of advanced biomarkers is essential for real-time monitoring of these processes.
    • Investigating securin's specific inhibitory role, separate from its chaperone function, is critical.