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Related Concept Videos

Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...
Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Modified Terminal Restriction Fragment Analysis for Quantifying Telomere Length Using In-gel Hybridization
11:29

Modified Terminal Restriction Fragment Analysis for Quantifying Telomere Length Using In-gel Hybridization

Published on: July 10, 2017

Telomere neurobiology.

Mark P Mattson1, Peisu Zhang, Aiwu Cheng

  • 1National Institute on Aging/NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|March 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Telomeres, the protective caps on chromosomes, are maintained by telomerase and associated proteins. Research suggests telomeres are crucial for neural stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and DNA damage responses in neural cells.

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Analyzing Telomeric Protein-DNA Interactions Using Single-Molecule Magnetic Tweezers
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Telomerase Activity in the Various Regions of Mouse Brain: Non-Radioactive Telomerase Repeat Amplification Protocol (TRAP) Assay
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Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Modified Terminal Restriction Fragment Analysis for Quantifying Telomere Length Using In-gel Hybridization
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Modified Terminal Restriction Fragment Analysis for Quantifying Telomere Length Using In-gel Hybridization

Published on: July 10, 2017

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Telomerase Activity in the Various Regions of Mouse Brain: Non-Radioactive Telomerase Repeat Amplification Protocol (TRAP) Assay
10:14

Telomerase Activity in the Various Regions of Mouse Brain: Non-Radioactive Telomerase Repeat Amplification Protocol (TRAP) Assay

Published on: September 2, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Chromosome ends (telomeres) comprise repetitive DNA sequences and associated proteins.
  • Telomerase, an enzyme utilizing an RNA template (TR) and reverse transcriptase (TERT), maintains telomere length.
  • Telomere structure is regulated by factors like TRF1, TRF2, and DNA damage response proteins (PARP-1, WRN, ATM).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of telomeres and telomerase in neural cell functions.
  • To explore the mechanisms regulating telomere length and structure in the context of neural cells.
  • To understand the impact of telomere dynamics on neural stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and neural cell responses to DNA damage.

Main Methods:

  • Telomere repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay to quantify telomerase activity.
  • Immunoblot and immunocytochemistry to assess levels of TERT and telomere-associated proteins.
  • Viral vector-based methods for overexpression or knockdown of TERT and telomere-associated proteins.

Main Results:

  • Telomere length maintenance is critical for neural cell function.
  • Telomere-associated proteins play significant roles in regulating telomere structure and DNA damage responses.
  • Modulation of TERT and telomere-associated proteins impacts neural cell behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Telomeres are integral to neural stem cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation.
  • Telomere maintenance and associated proteins influence glial cell senescence and neural cell apoptosis.
  • Telomere dynamics are key regulators of DNA damage responses in neural cells.