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Poor outcome is associated with delayed tuberculosis diagnosis in HIV-infected children in Baja California, Mexico

R M Viani1, G Lopez, E Chacón-Cruz

  • 1Department of Clinical Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for AIDS Research, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0672, USA. rviani@ucsd.edu

The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease : the Official Journal of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
|March 29, 2008
PubMed

Insights

Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant health concern for children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Baja California, Mexico, leading to high rates of illness and death.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health
  • HIV/AIDS Research

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) remains a critical opportunistic infection in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
  • Understanding the specific burden of TB in HIV-infected pediatric populations is essential for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the morbidity and mortality rates of tuberculosis in children with HIV in Baja California, Mexico.
  • To characterize the clinical presentation and diagnostic challenges of TB in this vulnerable population.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective review of medical records was conducted for children with perinatally acquired HIV infection diagnosed with TB between 1998 and 2007.
  • The Stegen-Toledo (ST) clinical criteria were utilized for TB diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • Of 73 HIV-infected children, 13 (18%) were diagnosed with TB. The mean age at TB diagnosis was 5.3 years.
  • Common symptoms included cough (92%) and anorexia (85%). Disseminated TB occurred in 54% of cases.
  • Five children (39%) died due to TB, highlighting significant mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Tuberculosis poses a substantial threat to HIV-infected children in Baja California, characterized by high morbidity and mortality.
  • Increased hospital utilization was noted, emphasizing the severity of TB in this cohort.
  • Urgent public health strategies are needed to mitigate TB impact in HIV-positive children.
Abstract

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