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Related Concept Videos

MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a rapamycin-insensitive companion...
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...

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Advancing the field of lung stem cell biology.

Frontiers in bioscience : a journal and virtual library·2007
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MAPK-ing out the pathways in lung stem cell regulation.

Carla Bender Kim1

  • 1Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Children's Hospital Boston Stem Cell Program, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Cell Stem Cell
|March 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary

New research reveals that MAPK14, also known as p38alpha, is crucial for regulating lung stem and progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation in adults. This finding advances our understanding of lung stem cell function.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary biology
  • Stem cell research
  • Molecular signaling

Background:

  • Emerging methods allow for the isolation and characterization of lung stem cell populations.
  • Understanding the molecular pathways governing lung stem cell function is critical for regenerative medicine.
  • The role of specific signaling pathways in lung stem cell regulation is not fully elucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of MAPK14 (p38alpha) in the regulation of adult lung stem or progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • The study by Ventura et al. (2007) focused on characterizing lung stem cell populations.
  • Investigated the requirement of MAPK14 in controlling cell proliferation and differentiation.

Main Results:

  • A requirement for MAPK14 (p38alpha) was identified in the regulation of lung stem or progenitor cell proliferation.
  • MAPK14 was also found to be essential for the differentiation of these lung cells.

Conclusions:

  • MAPK14 signaling plays a significant role in maintaining the stemness and regenerative capacity of adult lung cells.
  • Further research into MAPK14 pathways could lead to therapeutic strategies for lung diseases.