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Related Concept Videos

Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Establishment of Genome-edited Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines: From Targeting to Isolation
09:51

Establishment of Genome-edited Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines: From Targeting to Isolation

Published on: February 2, 2016

New tools for genome modification in human embryonic stem cells.

Leon M Ptaszek1, Chad A Cowan

  • 1Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA. lptaszek@partners.org

Cell Stem Cell
|March 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary

New gene editing technologies offer improved methods for studying developmental signaling networks. These advancements hold significant potential for enhancing the understanding of human embryonic stem cells.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Establishment of Genome-edited Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines: From Targeting to Isolation
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Zinc-finger Nuclease Enhanced Gene Targeting in Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: August 23, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Research

Background:

  • Signaling networks are crucial for embryonic development.
  • Understanding these networks in human embryonic stem cells is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline improvements in gene editing technology.
  • To facilitate the analysis of developmental signaling networks.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent publications by Thyagarajan et al. (2007) and Lombardo et al. (2007).
  • Focus on novel gene editing systems.

Main Results:

  • Gene editing systems show potential for advancing research.
  • Improvements facilitate analysis of complex biological pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Enhanced gene editing tools can significantly contribute to developmental biology.
  • These technologies may deepen our comprehension of human embryonic stem cell functions.