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Related Concept Videos

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview01:17

Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview

Ischemic heart disease occurs when the heart's blood supply dwindles, causing an ominous lack of oxygen and nutrients. This deficiency, stemming from reduced or obstructed blood flow, spells danger, leading to heart muscle damage and dysfunction.
Atherosclerosis, the primary malefactor, orchestrates this dangerous condition. It manifests as the accumulation of fatty deposits, akin to insidious plaques, within arterial walls. As time elapses, these plaques metamorphose, hardening and narrowing...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Optimized Management of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke
09:21

Optimized Management of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Published on: January 18, 2018

An update on cardioembolic stroke.

N U Weir1

  • 1Calgary Stroke Program, Room 1079, Foothills Hospital, 1403-29th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 2T9, Canada. nic.weir@calgaryhealthregion.ca

Postgraduate Medical Journal
|March 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Cardioembolic stroke, often caused by atrial fibrillation, is a significant concern. This review updates stroke prevention strategies for atrial fibrillation and other cardioembolic sources.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cardiology
  • Stroke Medicine

Background:

  • Cardioembolic strokes account for approximately 20% of all ischemic strokes.
  • Atrial fibrillation is the primary driver of cardioembolism, with significant advancements in understanding and treatment.
  • Other cardioembolic disorders present ongoing challenges for stroke prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current diagnostic methods for cardioembolic stroke.
  • To provide an update on evidence-based stroke prevention strategies.
  • To discuss stroke prevention in the context of various cardioembolic conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of diagnostic techniques for cardioembolic stroke.
  • Synthesis of recent evidence on stroke prevention for atrial fibrillation.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Optimized Management of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke
09:21

Optimized Management of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Published on: January 18, 2018

  • Review of stroke prevention in valvular heart disease, patent foramen ovale, and left ventricular dysfunction.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant progress in understanding and treating atrial fibrillation-related cardioembolism.
    • Less certainty and ongoing debate regarding stroke prevention for other cardioembolic causes.
    • Established diagnostic and updated therapeutic approaches for cardioembolic stroke.

    Conclusions:

    • Atrial fibrillation management is key to reducing cardioembolic stroke risk.
    • Further research is needed to clarify optimal stroke prevention for less common cardioembolic sources.
    • A comprehensive approach integrating diagnostics and tailored prevention is crucial.