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M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis

M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis

Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
M cyclin...

M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis

M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis

Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
M cyclin...

Positive Regulator Molecules

Positive Regulator Molecules

Mitotic cell division results in daughter cells that exactly resemble the parent cell. However, errors in the DNA replication or distribution of genetic material may lead to genetic mutations that may be passed down to every new cell formed from the resulting abnormal cell. Propagation of such mutant cells is restricted through checkpoint mechanisms present at different stages of the cell cycle. These checkpoints involve regulator molecules that either promote or demote cell cycle events.

Positive Regulator Molecules

Positive Regulator Molecules

To consistently produce healthy cells, the cell cycle—the process that generates daughter cells—must be precisely regulated.

Meiosis II

Meiosis II

Meiosis II entails cell division and segregation of the sister chromatids, resulting in the production of four unique haploid gametes. The steps for meiosis II are similar to mitosis, except that meiosis II occurs in haploid cells, whereas mitosis occurs in diploid cells.
The timing and cell division patterns of meiosis differ between males and females. In male meiosis, the centrosomes are part of the formation of the meiotic spindle. However, in oocytes, including that of humans, Drosophila,...

Meiosis II

Meiosis II

Meiosis II is the second and final stage of meiosis. It relies on the haploid cells produced during meiosis I, each of which contain only 23 chromosomes—one from each homologous initial pair. Importantly, each chromosome in these cells is composed of two joined copies, and when these cells enter meiosis II, the goal is to separate such sister chromatids using the same microtubule-based network employed in other division processes. The result of meiosis II is two haploid cells, each containing...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis

Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis

Published on: December 5, 2017

Cyclin A/cdk2 coordinates centrosomal and nuclear mitotic events.

L De Boer¹, V Oakes, H Beamish

¹Cancer Biology Program, Diamantina Institute for Cancer, Immunology and Metabolic Medicine, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

|April 1, 2008

Summary

The G2 phase cyclin A/cdk2 complex controls entry into mitosis by regulating cyclin B/cdk1 activation. This finding reveals a novel role for cyclin A/cdk2 in coordinating cell cycle progression.

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Experimental Approaches to Study Mitochondrial Localization and Function of a Nuclear Cell Cycle Kinase, Cdk1

Experimental Approaches to Study Mitochondrial Localization and Function of a Nuclear Cell Cycle Kinase, Cdk1

Published on: February 25, 2016

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Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis

Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis

Published on: December 5, 2017

Identification of Cyclin-dependent Kinase 1 Specific Phosphorylation Sites by an In Vitro Kinase Assay

Identification of Cyclin-dependent Kinase 1 Specific Phosphorylation Sites by an In Vitro Kinase Assay

Published on: May 3, 2018

Experimental Approaches to Study Mitochondrial Localization and Function of a Nuclear Cell Cycle Kinase, Cdk1

Experimental Approaches to Study Mitochondrial Localization and Function of a Nuclear Cell Cycle Kinase, Cdk1

Published on: February 25, 2016

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Cell Cycle Regulation

Background:

Cyclin A/cdk2 is crucial for S phase progression and also active in G2 phase.
The precise function of the G2 phase cyclin A/cdk2 pool in cell cycle timing remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of G2 phase cyclin A/cdk2 in regulating the timing of entry into mitosis.
To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which cyclin A/cdk2 influences mitotic entry.

Main Methods:

RNA interference (siRNA) to knock down cyclin A.
Small molecule inhibitors targeting cdk2 and cdk1/2 (roscovitine).
Immunofluorescence microscopy to assess centrosome maturation and protein localization.

Main Results:

Depletion of cyclin A or inhibition of cdk2 delayed mitotic entry by arresting cells in G2 phase.
Delayed G2 cells exhibited elevated inactive cyclin B/cdk1 but increased centrosomal microtubule nucleation.
Cyclin A/cdk2 localized to centrosomes in late G2 phase, coordinating cyclin B/cdk1 activation.

Conclusions:

G2 phase cyclin A/cdk2 is essential for timely mitotic entry by regulating cyclin B/cdk1 activation.
Cyclin A/cdk2 plays an unexpected role in coordinating cyclin B/cdk1 activation at both centrosomes and the nucleus.