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Related Concept Videos

Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Chromosome Structure02:40

Chromosome Structure

A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
Chromosome Replication02:31

Chromosome Replication

Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin of...

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Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes
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Polymorphism of human telomeric quadruplex structures.

Jixun Dai1, Megan Carver, Danzhou Yang

  • 1College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.

Biochimie
|April 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human telomeric DNA G-quadruplex structures are key targets for cancer therapeutics. Understanding these structures in solution is crucial for developing new drugs to inhibit telomerase and maintain telomeres.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

  • Human telomeric DNA comprises repetitive d(TTAGGG) sequences.
  • Intramolecular DNA G-quadruplexes form within telomeric DNA.
  • Telomeric G-quadruplexes are implicated in telomerase activity and telomere maintenance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding intramolecular human telomeric G-quadruplex structures in K+ solution.
  • To explore the structural polymorphism of human telomeric sequences.
  • To discuss the implications of these structures for cancer drug targeting.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on human telomeric G-quadruplex structures.
  • Analysis of structural data obtained under physiological conditions (K+ solution).
  • Discussion of structure-activity relationships for drug design.

Main Results:

  • Overview of diverse intramolecular human telomeric G-quadruplex structures.
  • Identification of structural polymorphism influenced by sequence and conditions.
  • Demonstration of G-quadruplex stabilization as a strategy to inhibit telomerase.

Conclusions:

  • Intramolecular human telomeric G-quadruplexes are promising targets for anti-cancer drug development.
  • Knowledge of structural diversity is essential for effective structure-based drug design.
  • Targeting telomeric G-quadruplexes offers a potential therapeutic intervention for cancer.