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Related Experiment Videos

The vitamin K cycle.

Johannes Oldenburg1, Milka Marinova, Clemens Müller-Reible

  • 1Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, D-53105 Bonn, Germany.

Vitamins and Hormones
|April 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary
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Vitamin K, essential for animal health, is synthesized in bacteria and plants. This review covers vitamin K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Vitamin K, a naphthoquinone derivative, is synthesized in eubacteria and plants.
  • It functions as an electron carrier and free radical scavenger.
  • Animals require vitamin K as a micronutrient for protein modification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review vitamin K synthesis and the vitamin K cycle.
  • To outline physiological roles of vitamin K-dependent proteins.
  • To summarize clinical phenotypes from genetic mutations in vitamin K cycle enzymes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of vitamin K synthesis, cycle, and functions.
  • Analysis of physiological roles of gamma-carboxylated proteins.
  • Summary of genetic mutations affecting VKORC1 and gamma-glutamyl carboxylase.

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Main Results:

  • Vitamin K is crucial for posttranslational modification of glutamate residues to gamma-carboxyglutamate.
  • Gamma-carboxylated proteins are vital for blood coagulation.
  • Genetic mutations in vitamin K cycle enzymes lead to specific clinical phenotypes.

Conclusions:

  • The vitamin K cycle involves VKORC1 and gamma-glutamyl carboxylase.
  • Disruptions in this cycle have significant physiological consequences.
  • Understanding these pathways is key to comprehending associated diseases.