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Related Concept Videos

Microtubules in Signaling01:22

Microtubules in Signaling

The primary cilium, made up of microtubules, acts as antennae on the cell surfaces for relaying external stimuli into the cells. These fine hair-like structures are present, generally one per cell. These are non-motile cilia in a 9+0 microtubules arrangement, where the central pair of microtubules are absent. The primary cilia arise from the basal body embedded in the cell membrane. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) carries requisite proteins from the cytoplasm to the cilium because the primary...
Cell-surface Signaling01:21

Cell-surface Signaling

Hormones—or any molecule that binds to a receptor, known as a ligand—that are lipid-insoluble (water-soluble) are not able to diffuse across the cell membrane. In order to be able to affect a cell without entering it, these hormones bind to receptors on the cell membrane. When a first messenger, a hormone, binds to a receptor, a signal cascade is set off, causing second messengers, proteins inside the cell, to become activated, resulting in downstream effects.
Hedgehog Signaling Pathway02:33

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
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Signal Transduction: Overview01:26

Signal Transduction: Overview

Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. They respond to chemical signals, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules, initiating a series of molecular reactions to produce an appropriate response. This is called signal transduction. Cells also coordinate different responses elicited by the same signaling molecule via mediators, allowing molecular cross-talk.
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Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
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Mimicking the Function of Signaling Proteins: Toward Artificial Signal Transduction Therapy
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Published on: September 29, 2016

Semaphorin signaling: progress made and promises ahead.

Yeping Zhou1, Rou-Afza F Gunput, R Jeroen Pasterkamp

  • 1Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

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Semaphorins regulate development and cell function, impacting various organ systems. Recent research reveals new signaling pathways and interactions, offering therapeutic potential for diseases like cancer and nerve damage.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Semaphorins were first identified for their role in guiding nerve cell axons.
  • They are now known to be vital for tissue development and maintaining bodily balance across many organ systems.
  • The broad impact and disease relevance of semaphorins have spurred research into their signaling mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore recent advancements in understanding semaphorin signaling pathways.
  • To investigate novel ligand-receptor interactions in semaphorin signaling.
  • To elucidate the molecular basis of semaphorin's diverse biological functions and signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Integrative analysis of semaphorin and integrin signaling pathways.
  • Identification and characterization of novel semaphorin-binding receptors.
  • Investigation of cellular mechanisms underlying semaphorin signal transduction, including bifunctional and reverse signaling.

Main Results:

  • Established links between integrin and semaphorin signaling pathways.
  • Discovered novel interactions between semaphorin ligands and their receptors.
  • Provided insights into the molecular mechanisms driving semaphorin's diverse cellular effects.

Conclusions:

  • Semaphorin signaling is complex, involving crosstalk with other pathways like integrins.
  • New discoveries in semaphorin biology offer promising therapeutic avenues.
  • Potential applications include enhancing axonal regeneration and treating cancers.