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Related Concept Videos

Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
The Nucleolus02:55

The Nucleolus

The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
Mouse Models of Cancer Study02:43

Mouse Models of Cancer Study

Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Orthotopic Transplantation of Breast Tumors as Preclinical Models for Breast Cancer
07:45

Orthotopic Transplantation of Breast Tumors as Preclinical Models for Breast Cancer

Published on: May 18, 2020

Translational research in breast cancer.

Quyen D Chu1, Neal Holm, Kerry Byrnes

  • 1Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, The Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, 1501 Kings Highway, P.O. Box 33932, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA. qchu@lsuhsc.edu

Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America
|April 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary

The Human Genome Project identified 25,000 human genes, revolutionizing disease research. This genetic insight has transformed breast cancer treatment from population risk to molecular classification.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Orthotopic Transplantation of Breast Tumors as Preclinical Models for Breast Cancer
07:45

Orthotopic Transplantation of Breast Tumors as Preclinical Models for Breast Cancer

Published on: May 18, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • The Human Genome Project identified approximately 25,000 human genes.
  • Understanding gene function is crucial for disease research.
  • Breast cancer research has significantly benefited from genomic discoveries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the impact of the Human Genome Project on understanding human diseases.
  • To emphasize the shift in breast cancer treatment paradigms.
  • To discuss the transition towards molecular classification in oncology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of genomic data and its application in disease research.
  • Analysis of molecular techniques in cancer diagnostics.
  • Comparative study of traditional vs. molecular-based treatment models.

Main Results:

  • The Human Genome Project provided a comprehensive map of human genes.
  • Molecular-level understanding has deepened insights into cancer development.
  • Novel molecular techniques enable precise disease classification.

Conclusions:

  • Genomic discoveries have profoundly impacted translational medicine.
  • Breast cancer treatment is increasingly driven by molecular profiling.
  • Molecular classification represents a paradigm shift in personalized oncology.