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Oncolytic virotherapy
Daniel Cervantes-García1, Rocío Ortiz-López, Netzahualcoyotl Mayek-Pérez
1Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
Abstract:
Current oncolytic virotherapy strategies are based in the accumulated understanding of the common molecular mechanisms displayed during cell transformation and viral infection, like cell cycle and apoptosis deregulations. Oncolytic virotherapy aims to achieve a strong cytolytic effect, highly restricted to transformed cells. Here, we describe the oncolytic virotherapy defined as the use of viruses like antitumor agents (wild and gene-modified oncolytic viruses) and the developed strategies to increase antitumor efficacy and safety. In addition, we discuss the advances and challenges concerning the use virotherapy in animal models and clinical trials. Some clinical trials of virotherapy have demonstrated promising results, particularly when combined with standard antineoplastic therapies. These preliminary accomplishments are opening the field for more research in several aspects, like vector modifications, pharmacodynamics, biosafety, new clinical applications, etc.
Insights
Oncolytic virotherapy uses viruses as antitumor agents, targeting cancer cells specifically. Clinical trials show promising results, especially when combined with traditional cancer treatments, driving further research.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Virology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Current oncolytic virotherapy leverages knowledge of cell transformation and viral infection mechanisms.
- Key deregulations targeted include cell cycle control and apoptosis pathways.
- The goal is highly specific cancer cell destruction (cytolysis).
Purpose of the Study:
- To define oncolytic virotherapy using wild and gene-modified viruses as antitumor agents.
- To explore strategies for enhancing antitumor efficacy and safety.
- To review advances and challenges in preclinical and clinical applications.
Main Methods:
- Review of current oncolytic virotherapy strategies.
- Discussion of wild-type and genetically modified oncolytic viruses.
- Analysis of data from animal models and human clinical trials.
Main Results:
- Oncolytic virotherapy shows potential as a targeted cancer treatment.
- Clinical trials indicate promising outcomes, particularly in combination therapies.
- Preliminary successes encourage further investigation into various research aspects.
Conclusions:
- Oncolytic virotherapy is an emerging antitumor strategy with significant potential.
- Combination with standard therapies enhances efficacy.
- Future research should focus on vector optimization, safety, and new applications.
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