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Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Breast Cancer-related Lymphedema
Published on: January 12, 2017
Negative affect and barriers to exercise among early stage breast cancer patients
Frank M Perna1, Lynette Craft, Charles S Carver
1Boston University School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry, USA. pernafm@mail.nih.gov
Objective:
To assess the relative frequency of and barriers to exercise among women with breast cancer while controlling for cancer-relevant and demographic factors.
Design:
The present study employed concurrent samples, correlational research design.
Main Outcome Measures:
Exercise frequency and its association with negative affect and barriers to exercise, independent of cancer treatment, among women (N=176) with Stage I or II breast cancer who were 3, 6, and 12 months postsurgery.
Results:
After accounting for cancer-relevant and control variables, degree of negative affect and frequency of perceived barriers were significantly inversely associated with exercise.
Conclusion:
These findings suggest that attention to both emotional factors and psychosocial barriers to exercise may be warranted to further understand exercise among women with early stage breast cancer.
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