Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Antigenic Liposomes for Generation of Disease-specific Antibodies
Published on: October 25, 2018
Changing paradigms in the immunological science of allergy: 2008
1Department of Medicine, University of California, UC Box 0711, 533 Parnassus at 4th Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. edward.goetzl@ucsf.edu
Abstract:
Our evolving knowledge of the universe of immune cytokines has permitted more precise definition of the extensive involvement of many cell-derived protein factors in the mediation of allergic diseases and asthma. Several newly recognized cytokines, which are derived from epithelial cells of the respiratory system, skin, and gastrointestinal tract or intraepithelial T cells in the context of interactions with nonimmune parenchymal cells, have potent stimulatory or inhibitory effects on the differentiation and/or activities of T helper (Th) 2-type CD4 T cells. Their properties and effects are reviewed from the perspective of novel targets for antiallergic therapy.
Related Concept Videos
Allergic Reactions
Cross-reactivity
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis
Allergic Drug Reactions
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Antibody Structure
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...

