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Related Concept Videos

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems01:26

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems

Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
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Drug release from modified-release dosage forms is designed to achieve specific therapeutic effects by controlling the rate and extent of drug release. The classification of these drug release systems is based on key pharmacokinetic assumptions: drug disposition follows first-order kinetics, drug release is the rate-limiting step in absorption, and the released drug is rapidly and completely absorbed.There are four major models of drug release patterns. The first model is the slow zero-order...
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Delayed-release drug delivery systems are specialized pharmaceutical formulations designed to postpone the release of active compounds until the drug reaches a specific region of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, typically the intestine. These systems are essential for drugs that may cause gastric irritation, are unstable in acidic environments, or need to exert therapeutic effects locally in the intestinal or colonic regions.The core feature of delayed-release systems is the use of enteric...
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Modified-release dosage forms are designed to address the limitations of drugs with short biological half-lives. These forms maintain stable therapeutic drug concentrations over extended periods, reducing the need for frequent dosing. A consistent drug level helps minimize peak-trough fluctuations, which can reduce adverse effects, lower the risk of drug resistance, and improve overall treatment effectiveness.One common type of modified-release form is the extended-release (ER) formulation. ER...

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Formulation approach for nicorandil pulsatile release tablet.

Hiroyuki Maeda1, Yutaka Ogawa, Masato Ishiyama

  • 1Department of Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Toho University, Chiba, Japan. maedahry@chugai-pharm.co.jp

Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin
|April 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a novel nicorandil pulsatile release tablet using fumaric acid dry coating. This technology effectively controls drug release lag time, potentially reducing antiangina medication frequency.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Nicorandil is an antiangina drug where controlled administration timing is crucial.
  • Pulsatile release tablets offer a strategy for modified release, aiming to decrease dosing frequency.
  • Developing precisely controlled pulsatile release formulations is essential for improved therapeutic outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To formulate a nicorandil pulsatile release tablet with a well-regulated release lag time.
  • To investigate the role of fumaric acid in controlling the release lag time of nicorandil tablets.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of nicorandil tablets with a fumaric acid dry-coated outer layer.
  • Characterization of model tablets using dissolution testing to assess release profiles.
  • Measurement of water penetration into tablets to elucidate the lag time generation mechanism.

Main Results:

  • Successfully achieved controlled release lag times ranging from 60 to 310 minutes by varying the outer layer composition.
  • Identified fumaric acid as the key ingredient responsible for prolonging the release lag time.
  • Demonstrated that lag time generation follows a simple water penetration mechanism through the fumaric acid matrix, predictable by the Washburn equation.

Conclusions:

  • A novel pulsatile release technology utilizing fumaric acid dry coating enables precise control over nicorandil tablet lag times.
  • This fumaric acid-based approach is suitable for developing nicorandil pulsatile release tablets with predictable and regulated lag times.
  • The findings support the use of this technology for developing advanced drug delivery systems with tailored release profiles.