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Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Residue-Specific Exchange of Proline by Proline Analogs in Fluorescent Proteins: How "Molecular Surgery" of the Backbone Affects Folding and Stability

Residue-Specific Exchange of Proline by Proline Analogs in Fluorescent Proteins: How "Molecular Surgery" of the Backbone Affects Folding and Stability

Published on: February 3, 2022

Proline accumulation in plants: a review.

Nathalie Verbruggen¹, Christian Hermans

¹Laboratoire de Physiologie et de Génétique moléculaire des Plantes, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine-CP242, Bd du Triomphe, 1050, Brussels, Belgium. nverbru@ulb.ac.be

|April 2, 2008

Summary

Plants accumulate proline (Pro) under stress, but its exact function remains debated. This review covers Pro metabolism, genetic studies, and the ongoing discussion about Pro toxicity in plants.

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Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Residue-Specific Exchange of Proline by Proline Analogs in Fluorescent Proteins: How "Molecular Surgery" of the Backbone Affects Folding and Stability

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Published on: February 3, 2022

Identification of Plasmodesmal Localization Sequences in Proteins In Planta

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Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting of Plant Protoplasts

Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting of Plant Protoplasts

Published on: February 18, 2010

Area of Science:

Plant Physiology
Biochemistry
Stress Biology

Background:

Proline accumulation is a widespread plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses.
The precise physiological roles of proline accumulation are not fully understood and remain controversial.
Understanding proline's function is crucial for improving plant stress tolerance.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current knowledge on proline metabolism regulation during plant development and stress.
To present findings from genetic manipulation studies targeting proline metabolism.
To discuss the ongoing debate regarding proline toxicity in plants.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on proline metabolism and plant stress responses.
Analysis of research on genetic modifications affecting proline pathways.
Synthesis of current scientific discourse on proline's physiological effects.

Main Results:

Proline metabolism is intricately regulated by developmental and environmental cues.
Genetic manipulation of proline metabolism yields varied outcomes, impacting stress tolerance differently.
Evidence suggests potential toxicity of proline under certain conditions, challenging its universally protective role.

Conclusions:

Proline accumulation is a complex trait with multifaceted roles in plant stress adaptation.
Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms and conditions under which proline is beneficial or detrimental.
Resolving the debate on proline toxicity is key to harnessing its potential for crop improvement.