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Relating alternative splicing to proteome complexity and genome evolution.

Yi Xing1, Christopher Lee

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|April 3, 2008
PubMed
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Genomic technologies have revealed that alternative splicing (AS) is widespread, affecting up to 74% of human genes. This review explores AS

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Historically, alternative splicing (AS) research focused on individual genes.
  • The advent of high-throughput genomics since the late 1990s revolutionized AS studies.
  • Genomic and microarray technologies enabled genome-wide AS discovery and quantification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of alternative splicing on proteomic complexity.
  • To examine the role of alternative splicing in genome evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of high-throughput genomics data (EST sequencing, microarrays).
  • Review of recent research on alternative splicing.
  • Comparative genomics across species (human to Arabidopsis).

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Main Results:

  • Alternative splicing frequency in the human genome has increased from <5% to 60-74%.
  • Genome-wide AS data allows investigation of global impacts on protein function.
  • AS plays a significant role in the evolution of genomes.

Conclusions:

  • Alternative splicing is a major source of proteomic diversity.
  • Alternative splicing significantly influences genome evolution across species.