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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
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Assessing Species-specific Contributions To Craniofacial Development Using Quail-duck Chimeras
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Cranial base evolution within the hominin clade.

L Nevell1, B Wood

  • 1The George Washington University, Center for the Advanced Study of Hominid Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, Washington, DC 20052, USA. nevell@gwu.edu

Journal of Anatomy
|April 3, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study predicts cranial base morphology in early hominins using evolutionary analysis. The findings reveal continuous evolution of the cranial base throughout hominin history, impacting species identification.

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Area of Science:

  • Paleoanthropology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Comparative Anatomy

Background:

  • The hominin cranial base (basioccipital, sphenoid, temporal bones) shows significant evolutionary change.
  • Basicranial morphology is crucial for diagnosing several hominin species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To predict the cranial base morphology of the last common ancestor of the Pan-Homo clade.
  • To reconstruct the primitive cranial base condition for the hominin clade.
  • To document cranial base evolution within major hominin subclades.

Main Methods:

  • Parsimony analysis of published cranial and dental data.
  • Phylogenetic reconstruction of ancestral states.

Main Results:

  • Predicted cranial base morphology for the hypothetical last common ancestor of Pan and Homo.
  • Reconstructed the primitive cranial base morphology for the hominin clade.
  • Documented evolutionary changes in cranial base morphology across hominin evolution.

Conclusions:

  • Cranial base morphology has undergone continuous evolution within the hominin clade.
  • Evolutionary changes occurred both before and after the emergence of the genus Homo.
  • Understanding cranial base evolution is key to hominin phylogeny and species identification.