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Body composition, changing physiological functions and nutrient requirements of the elderly
Ibrahim Elmadfa1, Alexa L Meyer
1Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. ibrahim.elmadfa@univie.ac.at
Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism
|April 18, 2008
Summary
Aging alters body composition and lowers metabolic rate, but micronutrient needs remain high. Elderly individuals require adequate calcium, vitamin D, antioxidants, and folate to prevent deficiencies and reduce disease risk.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology and Nutritional Science
- Human Physiology and Aging
Background:
- Aging significantly impacts body composition, decreasing lean mass and water while increasing fat, which lowers basal metabolic rate.
- Elderly individuals often have reduced physical activity, further decreasing energy needs.
- Micronutrient requirements do not decrease with age, and impaired absorption can lead to deficiencies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the critical role of specific micronutrients in elderly health.
- To emphasize the importance of adequate nutrient intake for immune function and disease prevention in older adults.
Main Methods:
- Review of physiological and nutritional changes associated with aging.
- Analysis of nutrient absorption and synthesis capabilities in the elderly.
- Examination of the relationship between nutrient status and age-related diseases.
Main Results:
- Calcium and vitamin D are crucial for bone health, with deficiencies exacerbated by reduced synthesis and sun exposure.
- Dietary antioxidants (vitamin C, beta-carotene, zinc) and folate are vital for combating oxidative stress and reducing the risk of chronic diseases.
- Impaired absorption of nutrients like cobalamin (vitamin B12) is a concern in the elderly population.
Conclusions:
- Dietary guidelines must prioritize micronutrient optimization in the elderly to support immune function and mitigate age-related disease risks.
- Adequate intake of calcium, vitamin D, antioxidants, and folate is essential for healthy aging.
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