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Related Concept Videos

Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences01:20

Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences

Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is a highly selective and sensitive technique for accurate elemental analysis. Though the analysis of ICP–MS mass spectra is comparatively straightforward, it is affected by spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic interferences. Spectroscopic interferences arise when the plasma contains ionic species with an m/z value the same as the analyte ion. Spectroscopic interference can be categorized as isobaric, polyatomic ions, and refractory oxide ion...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference

Interference leads to systematic error in atomic absorption (AA) measurements by enhancing or diminishing the analytical signal or the background. These interferences can be grouped into three main categories: spectral interference, chemical interference, and physical interference.
Spectral interference occurs when signals from other elements or molecules overlap with the analyte signal, falsely elevating or masking the analyte's absorbance. This interference can be corrected using Zeeman,...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference01:30

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...
Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
Interference: Path Lengths01:10

Interference: Path Lengths

Consider two sources of sound, that may or may not be in phase, emitting waves at a single frequency, and consider the frequencies to be the same.
Two special sources may be considered when they are in phase. This can be easily achieved by feeding the two sources from the same source. An example would be synchronizing the two speakers by feeding them with the same source, such as the sound waves produced by a tuning fork. This setup ensures that the two sources have the same frequency and are...

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Related Experiment Video

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Rapid Setup of Tissue Microarray and Tiled Area Imaging on the Multiplexed Ion Beam Imaging Microscope Using the Tile/SED/Array Interface
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Metameric interference security image structures.

Bill Baloukas1, Ludvik Martinu

  • 1Department of Engineering Physics, Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.

Applied Optics
|April 3, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed novel interference security images using metamerism for enhanced authentication. These structures create hidden images visible at specific angles, improving security and detection.

Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Materials Science
  • Information Security

Background:

  • Metamerism enables color matching under specific conditions, offering potential for security features.
  • Interference filters exhibit inherent color shifts with viewing angle, which can be exploited for visual effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design, fabricate, and evaluate novel interference security image structures based on metamerism.
  • To create hidden images for authentication and develop methods for automated detection.
  • To investigate the use of metameric structures in transmission and reflection modes.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of metameric structures combining interference filters and noniridescent colored materials.
  • Spectral analysis to minimize sensitivity to light source and observer variations.

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  • Evaluation of prototype devices produced via dual ion beam sputtering.
  • Analysis of filter sensitivity to deposition errors.

    • Main Results:

    • Successfully designed and fabricated metameric structures capable of producing hidden images.
    • Demonstrated that spectral matching minimizes sensitivity to external factors.
    • Developed a hidden image that appears at a specific observation angle due to color shift.
    • Showcased user authentication and automated detection using laser illumination at a specific angle.

    Conclusions:

    • Metameric interference structures offer a viable approach for advanced security imaging.
    • The designed structures provide enhanced complexity for user authentication and automated detection.
    • Dual ion beam sputtering is an effective method for fabricating these security features.