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Related Concept Videos

What are Second Messengers?01:12

What are Second Messengers?

Because many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic, they do not cross the cell membrane and thus their message must be relayed to a second messenger on the inside. There are several second messenger pathways, each with their own way of relaying information. G-protein coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol path is active when the receptor induces phospholipase C to hydrolyze the phospholipid,...
What are Second Messengers?01:12

What are Second Messengers?

Because many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic, they do not cross the cell membrane and thus their message must be relayed to a second messenger on the inside. There are several second messenger pathways, each with their own way of relaying information. G-protein coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol path is active when the receptor induces phospholipase C to hydrolyze the phospholipid,...
Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers01:15

Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers

Many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic; they do not cross the cell membrane but bind to cell-surface receptors. Thus, their message must be relayed by second messengers present in the cell cytoplasm. There are several second messenger pathways, each with its own way of relaying information. For example, the G protein-coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol pathway is active when the receptor induces...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Utilizing Combined Methodologies to Define the Role of Plasma Membrane Delivery During Axon Branching and Neuronal Morphogenesis
14:28

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Published on: March 16, 2016

Imaging second messenger dynamics in developing neural circuits.

Timothy A Dunn1, Marla B Feller

  • 1Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.

Developmental Neurobiology
|April 3, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing neural circuits exhibit spontaneous activity. Researchers used imaging to study slow oscillations in retinal neurons' cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) cascade, exploring its role in neurodevelopment.

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Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Utilizing Combined Methodologies to Define the Role of Plasma Membrane Delivery During Axon Branching and Neuronal Morphogenesis
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Published on: March 16, 2016

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Functional Calcium Imaging in Developing Cortical Networks
16:33

Functional Calcium Imaging in Developing Cortical Networks

Published on: October 22, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cellular Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience

Background:

  • Developing neural circuits display spontaneous activity, characterized by correlated slow oscillations in neighboring cells.
  • These slow oscillations occur with a periodicity of minutes in areas like the retina, spinal cord, and hippocampus.
  • Neurons may interpret these oscillations via second messenger cascades influencing gene expression or protein modification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize slow oscillations within the cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) second messenger cascade in retinal neurons.
  • To review advanced imaging techniques for this cascade.
  • To explore the relationship between cAMP/PKA signaling, intracellular calcium, and neurodevelopment.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized advanced imaging techniques to visualize and analyze slow oscillations.
  • Focused on the cAMP/PKA second messenger cascade in retinal neurons.
  • Correlated imaging data with intracellular calcium dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the presence and characteristics of slow oscillations in the cAMP/PKA cascade in retinal neurons.
  • Highlighted the interplay between cAMP/PKA signaling and intracellular calcium levels.
  • Provided a foundation for understanding the functional significance of these oscillations.

Conclusions:

  • Spontaneous activity and slow oscillations are crucial in developing neural circuits.
  • The cAMP/PKA cascade is dynamically involved in retinal neuron activity.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the role of cAMP/PKA signaling in neurodevelopment.