How to evaluate 'dipstick hematuria': what to do before you refer

Although major health organizations do not support screening for hematuria by dipstick testing, millions of patients without symptoms are tested yearly. Since urinary dipstick tests for hematuria have a high false-positive rate, patients with positive dipstick results require microscopic urinalysis before the diagnosis of hematuria can be made. Primary care physicians can help protect patients from the anxiety, costs, and risks of an unnecessary urologic workup by adhering to the principles of early hematuria management.