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Related Concept Videos

Hypoxia01:23

Hypoxia

Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...

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Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Tumor Hypoxia Assessment: In Vivo 3D Oxygen Imaging Through Electron Paramagnetic Resonance
07:07

Tumor Hypoxia Assessment: In Vivo 3D Oxygen Imaging Through Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

Published on: February 14, 2025

Hypoxia in microscopic tumors.

Xiao-Feng Li1, Joseph A O'Donoghue

  • 1Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 84, New York, NY 10065, USA. LiX1@mskcc.org

Cancer Letters
|April 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microscopic tumors, even those less than 1mm, exhibit severe hypoxia. This review covers methods for studying tumor hypoxia in early-stage cancers.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Tumor Microenvironment

Background:

  • Tumor hypoxia is prevalent in solid malignancies.
  • Hypoxia correlates with tumor progression, aggressiveness, metastasis, and poor prognosis.
  • Hypoxic tumor cells display resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review models and techniques for studying hypoxia in microscopic tumors.
  • To highlight the significance of early-stage tumor hypoxia.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of established and novel techniques for hypoxia assessment.
  • Review of relevant animal models for studying early tumor development.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of severe hypoxia in microscopic tumors (<1mm diameter) using an animal model.
  • Identification of challenges and advancements in studying hypoxia in small tumors.

Conclusions:

  • Microscopic tumors are significantly hypoxic, impacting treatment response.
  • Effective models and techniques are crucial for understanding and targeting early tumor hypoxia.