Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

19
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
19
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

86.1K
Overview
86.1K
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

2.8K
Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
2.8K
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

1.3K
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
1.3K
Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

86.0K
Overview
86.0K
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

2.5K
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
2.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Inhibition of Stemness Pathways during Acute SIV Limits Infection of Central Memory CD4+ T Cells and Alters Viral Reservoir Activity in Macaques.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Vaccination elicits HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies in primates.

Nature·2026
Same author

Vaccination generates broadly cross-neutralizing antibodies to the HIV Env apex.

Nature·2026
Same author

Impact of a factor Xa inhibitor (apixaban) on SIV pathogenesis and response to antiretroviral therapy.

JCI insight·2026
Same author

TGF-β mediates epigenetic control of innate antiviral responses and SIV reservoir size.

Nature immunology·2026
Same author

Interleukin-6 restricts pre-thymic T cell lineage commitment of progenitors driving loss of SIV control.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Laparoscopic Technique for Serial Collection of Liver and Mesenteric Lymph Nodes in Macaques
11:06

Laparoscopic Technique for Serial Collection of Liver and Mesenteric Lymph Nodes in Macaques

Published on: May 2, 2017

51.7K

Mucosal immune dysfunction in AIDS pathogenesis.

Mirko Paiardini1, Ian Frank, Ivona Pandrea

  • 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.

AIDS Reviews
|April 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary

The mucosal immune system is crucial for HIV transmission and AIDS progression. Early depletion of CD4(+) T-cells in the gut is a key factor, but other mechanisms also contribute to immune dysfunction.

More Related Videos

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals
06:46

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals

Published on: January 5, 2016

18.0K
Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners
14:28

Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners

Published on: June 30, 2013

13.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Laparoscopic Technique for Serial Collection of Liver and Mesenteric Lymph Nodes in Macaques
11:06

Laparoscopic Technique for Serial Collection of Liver and Mesenteric Lymph Nodes in Macaques

Published on: May 2, 2017

51.7K
Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals
06:46

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals

Published on: January 5, 2016

18.0K
Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners
14:28

Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners

Published on: June 30, 2013

13.1K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • The mucosal immune system is critical in HIV transmission and AIDS pathogenesis.
  • HIV primarily infects through mucosal routes, leading to immune defects.
  • Depletion of memory CD4(+)CCR5(+) T-cells in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue is linked to disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of mucosal immunity in AIDS pathogenesis.
  • To understand the factors contributing to mucosal immune dysfunction during HIV and SIV infections.
  • To explore the reversibility of mucosal CD4(+) T-cell depletion with antiretroviral therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of immune cell populations in mucosal tissues.
  • Studies on HIV and SIV infection models in humans and macaques.
  • Investigation of microbial translocation and immune activation markers.

Main Results:

  • Rapid and largely irreversible depletion of mucosal CD4(+) T-cells is a key factor in disease progression.
  • Nonpathogenic SIV infections reveal additional factors beyond CD4(+) T-cell depletion in mucosal immune dysfunction.
  • Microbial translocation from the gut contributes to chronic immune activation in pathogenic infections.

Conclusions:

  • Mucosal immune dysfunction is central to AIDS pathogenesis.
  • Effective AIDS vaccines may need to protect mucosal CD4(+) T-cells.
  • Further research is needed to understand and treat AIDS-associated mucosal immune dysfunction.