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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Disubstituted Cyclohexanes: cis-trans Isomerism02:37

Disubstituted Cyclohexanes: cis-trans Isomerism

Depending upon the different spatial orientation of the substituents, the disubstituted cycloalkanes exhibit two types of stereoisomers. The cis isomers have the substituents on the same side of the ring, whereas the trans isomers have the substituents on the opposite sides. These stereoisomers exhibit different physical properties and cannot be interconverted without breaking the carbon-carbon bonds.
In cyclohexane, the substituents can occupy different positions generating distinct isomers.
Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur02:30

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...
Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity02:24

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity

It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...
Stereoisomerism02:52

Stereoisomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds02:33

Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds

In this lesson, we delve into the role of ring conformation and its stability, which determines the spatial arrangement and, consequently, the molecular symmetry and stereoisomerism of cyclic compounds. 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane is used as a case study to evaluate the possible number of stereoisomers. Here, given the multiple (n = 2) chiral centers, there are 2n = 4 possible configurations that lack a plane of symmetry, as the ring skeleton exists in a non-planar chair conformation. In addition,...

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Efficient Construction of Drug-like Bispirocyclic Scaffolds Via Organocatalytic Cycloadditions of &#945;-Imino &#947;-Lactones and Alkylidene Pyrazolones
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Optically active zwitterionic lambda(5)Si,lambda(5)Si'-disilicates: syntheses, crystal structures, and behavior in

Bastian Theis1, Christian Burschka, Reinhold Tacke

  • 1Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|April 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary

New zwitterionic silicon-nitrogen compounds, lambda(5)Si,lambda(5)Si'-disilicates, were synthesized and characterized. These optically active compounds exhibit remarkable stability in aqueous solutions, challenging previous understandings of silicon chemistry.

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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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Published on: March 24, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Organosilicon Chemistry
  • Coordination Chemistry

Background:

  • Silicon chemistry traditionally involves tetrahedral (lambda(4)Si) or octahedral (lambda(6)Si) coordination states.
  • Pentacoordinate silicon (lambda(5)Si) species are less common and often highly reactive.
  • Zwitterionic compounds, possessing both positive and negative charges within the same molecule, offer unique chemical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel zwitterionic lambda(5)Si,lambda(5)Si equestId'-disilicates.
  • To investigate the structural features and stereochemistry of these new silicon compounds.
  • To evaluate the stability of these disilicates in aqueous environments.

Main Methods:

  • Solid-state and solution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for characterization.
  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction for detailed structural analysis.
  • Electrospray Ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry to assess stability in solution.

Main Results:

  • Synthesis of eight zwitterionic lambda(5)Si,lambda(5)Si equestId'-disilicates (compounds 1-8).
  • Structural elucidation revealed pentacoordinate silicon atoms and tetracoordinate nitrogen atoms, with (R,R)-tartrato(4-) ligands bridging the silicon centers.
  • Compounds 1-8 were confirmed to be optically active with (Delta,Delta,R,R,R,R) configuration.
  • Demonstrated remarkable stability in aqueous solution for some disilicates, despite containing SiO(4)C skeletons.

Conclusions:

  • The successful synthesis and characterization of novel zwitterionic lambda(5)Si,lambda(5)Si equestId'-disilicates expand the known coordination chemistry of silicon.
  • The observed stability in aqueous solution for these pentacoordinate silicon compounds is significant and suggests potential applications.
  • These findings challenge conventional views on the reactivity and stability of silicon compounds with unusual coordination numbers.