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Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Symmetric Bihemispheric Postmortem Brain Cutting to Study Healthy and Pathological Brain Conditions in Humans
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Automatic memory processes in normal ageing and Alzheimer's disease.

John M Hudson1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK. jhudson@lincoln.ac.uk

Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
|April 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Memory processing in Alzheimer's disease (AD) differs from normal aging. While controlled memory processes decline with age, automatic memory processes remain stable, unlike in AD where both are impaired.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Memory function involves both automatic and controlled processes.
  • Understanding age-related memory changes is crucial for distinguishing normal aging from neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related changes in automatic and controlled memory processes using stem completion.
  • To compare memory performance in healthy aging adults with patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a stem completion task with inclusion and exclusion conditions.
  • Employed process-dissociation calculations to estimate automatic and controlled memory processes.
  • Compared performance across young, middle-aged, and older adult groups, and with existing AD patient data.

Main Results:

  • Controlled memory processing showed an age-related decline starting from middle age.
  • Automatic memory processing estimates remained consistent across all healthy age groups.
  • In contrast, Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients exhibited impairments in both automatic and controlled memory processes.

Conclusions:

  • Normal aging is characterized by a decline in controlled memory processes, while automatic processes remain intact.
  • Memory impairments in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are qualitatively different from those seen in normal aging, affecting both memory systems.