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Coronary Circulation

Coronary Circulation

The heart, an organ critical to survival, gets nourishment not from the blood it pumps but from a separate circulation system known as coronary circulation. This is the shortest circulation in the body and is responsible for supplying the heart with the nutrients it needs to function effectively.
Coronary circulation begins at the base of the aorta, where two main arteries arise—the left and right coronary arteries. These arteries encircle the heart in the coronary sulcus and supply the...

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...

Physiology of the Heart: The Cardiac Cycle

Physiology of the Heart: The Cardiac Cycle

The cardiac cycle describes the events from one heartbeat to the next. It includes three main phases: diastole, atrial systole, and ventricular systole, all driven by changes in chamber pressures and the function of heart valves.
Diastole: The Relaxation Phase
During diastole, all four heart chambers relax. The atrioventricular (AV) valves open, and the semilunar valves close. This phase sees the lowest chamber pressures, promoting ventricular filling. Venous blood enters the heart through the...

Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...

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Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Evaluation of Coronary Flow Reserve After Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats

Evaluation of Coronary Flow Reserve After Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats

Published on: June 28, 2019

Coronary collateral circulation: any effect on P-wave dispersion?

Halil Aslan¹, Okan Turgut, Kenan Yalta

¹Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey.

|April 5, 2008

Summary

Coronary collateral circulation, which impacts heart attack damage, did not significantly affect P-wave dispersion, a predictor of atrial fibrillation. This suggests collateral circulation may not reduce arrhythmia risk in patients with significant coronary artery stenosis.

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Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Evaluation of Coronary Flow Reserve After Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats

Evaluation of Coronary Flow Reserve After Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats

Published on: June 28, 2019

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Electrophysiology
Vascular Biology

Background:

Coronary collateral circulation (CCC) influences myocardial damage severity during ischemia.
Increased P-wave dispersion (PWD) is a recognized predictor of atrial fibrillation (AF).
The relationship between CCC and arrhythmia risk, specifically PWD, remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effect of coronary collateral circulation on P-wave dispersion in patients with significant coronary artery stenosis.
To evaluate whether the presence of collateral circulation influences PWD and potentially arrhythmia risk.

Main Methods:

Assessed collateral grade and P-wave dispersion in 100 patients with severe stenosis (≥85% diameter) in the left anterior descending or right coronary arteries.
Determined left ventricular function score (LVFS) in all participants.
Compared PWD and LVFS between patients with and without coronary collateral circulation.

Main Results:

68 out of 100 patients exhibited coronary collateral circulation (collateral grade >or=1).
Patients with collateral circulation (grade >or=1) had a significantly greater left ventricular function score compared to those without (grade 0, P = .048).
No significant difference in P-wave dispersion was observed between patients with and without coronary collateral circulation (P = .45).

Conclusions:

The presence of coronary collateral circulation did not demonstrate a significant beneficial effect in reducing P-wave dispersion in this patient cohort.
These findings suggest that while collateral circulation may preserve left ventricular function, it does not appear to mitigate PWD, a marker for atrial fibrillation risk.