Persistent factor VIII-dependent factor X activation on endothelial cells is independent of von Willebrand factor

Endothelial cells are able to support the activation of coagulation factor X by activated factor IX in the presence of its cofactor, factor VIII. We have previously reported that this reaction is persistent on endothelial cells, but transient on activated platelets and phospholipid vesicles when activated factor X (Xa) is used as activator of factor VIII. Aim of the present study was to explore the influence of von Willebrand factor and that of the factor VIII activator, either factor Xa or thrombin, on the decay of factor X activation on the endothelial cell surface. Kinetics of factor X activation on human umbilical vein endothelial cells was compared with that on phospholipid vesicles employing purified coagulation factors from plasma as well as recombinant factor VIII variants. Employing factor Xa as factor VIII activator, rate constants for decay of membrane-bound factor X activation were consistently low on endothelial cells (0.02 min) as compared with phospholipid vesicles (0.2 min). Activation of factor VIII by thrombin resulted in two-fold increased decay rates. In the presence of excess of von Willebrand factor over factor VIII, decay rates were not significantly changed. Factor VIII variants with and without a Tyr to Phe substitution, which abolishes high-affinity binding to von Willebrand factor, displayed the same factor X activation decay kinetics. Although previous studies have shown that von Willebrand factor modulates factor VIII activation and stabilisation, this apparently does not affect the progression of factor X activation at the endothelium.