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Analysis of the Solvent Accessibility of Cysteine Residues on Maize rayado fino virus Virus-like Particles Produced in Nicotiana benthamiana Plants and Cross-linking of Peptides to VLPs

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Electrostatic forces control nonspecific virus attachment to lettuce.

Everardo Vega¹, Jay Garland, Suresh D Pillai

¹Polio and Picornaviruses Laboratory Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.

Journal of Food Protection

|April 9, 2008

Summary

Electrostatic forces are key in how enteric viruses attach to lettuce. A 1 M NaCl solution effectively removes these viruses, improving food safety detection methods.

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Area of Science:

Food safety
Microbiology
Surface chemistry

Background:

Enteric viruses are significant foodborne pathogens.
Understanding virus-food interactions is crucial for food safety.
Nonspecific attachment mechanisms are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare electrostatic and hydrophobic forces in virus attachment to butterhead lettuce.
To investigate the role of different chemical treatments on virus-lettuce interactions.
To determine effective methods for virus removal from lettuce surfaces.

Main Methods:

Studied attachment of four viruses (echovirus 11, feline calicivirus, MS2, phiX174) to lettuce.
Applied three conditions: 1% Tween 80 (hydrophobic), 1 M NaCl (electrostatic), and both.
Analyzed virus desorption under varying pH and ionic strength.

Main Results:

NaCl significantly reduced attachment of echovirus 11 and feline calicivirus, indicating electrostatic interactions.
PhiX174 attachment was unaffected, suggesting no significant electrostatic or hydrophobic forces.
1 M NaCl was most effective in desorbing viruses from lettuce at pH 7 and 8.

Conclusions:

Electrostatic forces play a major role in virus adsorption to lettuce.
1 M NaCl solution can improve the recovery and elution of unenveloped viruses from lettuce.
Findings have implications for food safety and virus detection methods.