Haptic rate for surgical manipulations with fingers and instruments

In surgery, many kinds of manipulations are conducted using multiple fingers and instruments. The aim of this study is to investigate required haptic rate for multi-finger manipulation and instrumental manipulation. This paper investigated required haptic rate for multi-finger haptic interaction with haptic device and soft tissue deformation. Results of experiment clarified the fact that there is difference of threshold of haptic rate between the number of manipulating fingers.