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Related Concept Videos

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...
Cooperative Allosteric Transitions01:58

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

Cooperative allosteric transitions can occur in multimeric proteins, where each subunit of the protein has its own ligand-binding site. When a ligand binds to any of these subunits, it triggers a conformational change that affects the binding sites in the other subunits; this can change the affinity of the other sites for their respective ligands. The ability of the protein to change the shape of its binding site is attributed to the presence of a mix of flexible and stable segments in the...
Cooperative Allosteric Transitions01:58

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

Cooperative allosteric transitions can occur in multimeric proteins, where each subunit of the protein has its own ligand-binding site. When a ligand binds to any of these subunits, it triggers a conformational change that affects the binding sites in the other subunits; this can change the affinity of the other sites for their respective ligands. The ability of the protein to change the shape of its binding site is attributed to the presence of a mix of flexible and stable segments in the...
Cooperative Allosteric Transitions01:58

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

Cooperative allosteric transitions can occur in multimeric proteins, where each subunit of the protein has its own ligand-binding site. When a ligand binds to any of these subunits, it triggers a conformational change that affects the binding sites in the other subunits; this can change the affinity of the other sites for their respective ligands. The ability of the protein to change the shape of its binding site is attributed to the presence of a mix of flexible and stable segments in the...
Drug-Receptor Bonds01:25

Drug-Receptor Bonds

Drug-receptor bonds are formed through various chemical forces when drugs interact with target cells. Covalent bonds, strong and irreversible, are exemplified by DNA-alkylating anticancer agents that inhibit cell division. However, such irreversible drug binding lacks selectivity and can modify the DNA of the surrounding healthy cells. Covalent binding often contributes to tissue toxicity, as seen with chloroform and paracetamol metabolites binding to the liver, causing hepatotoxicity.
In...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Investigating Protein-protein Interactions in Live Cells Using Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer
11:46

Investigating Protein-protein Interactions in Live Cells Using Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer

Published on: May 26, 2014

FOXO-binding partners: it takes two to tango.

K E van der Vos1, P J Coffer

  • 1Molecular Immunology Lab, Department of Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Oncogene
|April 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary

FOXO transcription factors regulate cell functions like proliferation and metabolism. New research shows FOXOs also control gene expression through interactions with other transcription factors, expanding their regulatory roles.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • FOXO (forkhead box) transcription factors influence diverse cellular processes including proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and metabolism.
  • Distinct phenotypes of Foxo1, Foxo3, and Foxo4 null mutant mice suggest isoform-specific functions, though multiple FOXO isoforms are often co-expressed.
  • Recent findings indicate FOXO proteins can regulate transcription independently of direct DNA binding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review known FOXO-binding partners.
  • To examine the role of FOXO interactions with other transcription factors in regulating gene expression.
  • To explore how these interactions influence cell fate decisions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on FOXO transcription factors and their binding partners.

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Parallel Interrogation of β-Arrestin2 Recruitment for Ligand Screening on a GPCR-Wide Scale using PRESTO-Tango Assay
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Parallel Interrogation of β-Arrestin2 Recruitment for Ligand Screening on a GPCR-Wide Scale using PRESTO-Tango Assay

Published on: March 10, 2020

Determination of Tripartite Interaction between Two Monomers of a MADS-box Transcription Factor and a Calcium Sensor Protein by BiFC-FRET-FLIM Assay
14:34

Determination of Tripartite Interaction between Two Monomers of a MADS-box Transcription Factor and a Calcium Sensor Protein by BiFC-FRET-FLIM Assay

Published on: December 25, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Investigating Protein-protein Interactions in Live Cells Using Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer
11:46

Investigating Protein-protein Interactions in Live Cells Using Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer

Published on: May 26, 2014

Parallel Interrogation of β-Arrestin2 Recruitment for Ligand Screening on a GPCR-Wide Scale using PRESTO-Tango Assay
09:03

Parallel Interrogation of β-Arrestin2 Recruitment for Ligand Screening on a GPCR-Wide Scale using PRESTO-Tango Assay

Published on: March 10, 2020

Determination of Tripartite Interaction between Two Monomers of a MADS-box Transcription Factor and a Calcium Sensor Protein by BiFC-FRET-FLIM Assay
14:34

Determination of Tripartite Interaction between Two Monomers of a MADS-box Transcription Factor and a Calcium Sensor Protein by BiFC-FRET-FLIM Assay

Published on: December 25, 2021

  • Analysis of experimental evidence demonstrating FOXO-mediated transcriptional regulation through protein-protein interactions.
  • Synthesis of findings on the impact of FOXO interactions on cellular functions.

    • Main Results:

    • FOXO proteins associate with various unrelated transcription factors, modulating the activation or repression of diverse target genes.
    • These interactions significantly expand the regulatory capacity of FOXO proteins beyond direct DNA binding.
    • The specific complement of transcription factors in a cell type dictates the ultimate functional outcome of FOXO activity.

    Conclusions:

    • FOXO transcription factor activity is modulated by interactions with a wide array of protein partners.
    • These interactions are critical for determining cell fate and orchestrating complex transcriptional programs.
    • Understanding FOXO-binding partners is key to deciphering their multifaceted roles in cellular regulation.