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The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

The Retinoblastoma Gene

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Analysis of Retinoic Acid-induced Neural Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells in Two and Three-dimensional Embryoid Bodies
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Retinoic acid induces prostatic bud formation.

Chad M Vezina1, Sarah H Allgeier, Wayne A Fritz

  • 1School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.

Developmental Dynamics : an Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists
|April 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary

All-trans-retinoic acid (RA) significantly induces mouse prostatic budding by altering sonic hedgehog (Shh) and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (Bmp4) signaling pathways. This finding highlights RA

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A Rapid Filter Insert-based 3D Culture System for Primary Prostate Cell Differentiation
09:23

A Rapid Filter Insert-based 3D Culture System for Primary Prostate Cell Differentiation

Published on: February 13, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Urology

Background:

  • Prostate development initiation involves localized morphogenetic factors acting on the urogenital sinus (UGS).
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating prostatic bud formation is crucial for developmental biology and potential therapeutic interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) as an inducer of mouse prostatic budding.
  • To elucidate the relationship between RA signaling and the expression of sonic hedgehog (Shh) and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (Bmp4) during prostate development.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized embryonic mouse urogenital sinus (UGS) organ culture.
  • Administered all-trans-retinoic acid (RA), recombinant sonic hedgehog (SHH), and NOGGIN (BMP4 inhibitor) to UGS cultures.
  • Analyzed changes in prostatic budding, Shh expression, and Bmp4 signaling.

Main Results:

  • All-trans-retinoic acid (RA) treatment significantly increased prostatic budding in UGS organ cultures.
  • RA administration led to increased sonic hedgehog (Shh) expression and decreased bone morphogenetic protein 4 (Bmp4) signaling.
  • Exogenous SHH and BMP4 inhibition (NOGGIN) independently stimulated prostatic budding, suggesting their critical roles.

Conclusions:

  • All-trans-retinoic acid (RA) acts as a potent inducer of mouse prostatic budding.
  • Reciprocal modulation of hedgehog and BMP signaling pathways by RA is implicated in the initiation of prostate bud formation.
  • These findings provide insights into the molecular regulation of prostate organogenesis.