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Related Concept Videos

Microtubules in Signaling01:22

Microtubules in Signaling

The primary cilium, made up of microtubules, acts as antennae on the cell surfaces for relaying external stimuli into the cells. These fine hair-like structures are present, generally one per cell. These are non-motile cilia in a 9+0 microtubules arrangement, where the central pair of microtubules are absent. The primary cilia arise from the basal body embedded in the cell membrane. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) carries requisite proteins from the cytoplasm to the cilium because the primary...
Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures01:32

Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures

Complex microtubule structures are present in resting cells and in dividing cells. In resting cells, they are responsible for maintaining the cellular architecture, tracks for intracellular transport, positioning of organelles, assembly of cilia and flagella. They mediate the bipolar spindle assembly for chromosomal segregation and positioning of the cell division plate in dividing cells. The formation of microtubule complex structures depends on the cell type, cell stage, and cell function.
Spindle Assembly02:50

Spindle Assembly

Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a microtubule array...
Microtubules in Cell Motility01:24

Microtubules in Cell Motility

Microtubules are thick hollow cylindrical proteins that help form the cytoskeleton. Microtubules have varied roles in the cell. These filaments help form cellular appendages like cilia and flagella, which are responsible for locomotion. The cilia arise from basal bodies, separated from the main body by a membrane-like structure forming the transition zone. This zone is the gate for the entry of lipids and proteins, creating a unique composition of lipids and proteins in the ciliary membrane and...
Assembly of Cytoskeletal Filaments01:18

Assembly of Cytoskeletal Filaments

Cytoskeletal filaments are polymeric forms of smaller protein subunits. However, individual cytoskeletal filaments may easily disassemble or associate with other similar filaments to form rigid structures. Microfilaments, made of actin monomers, rely on actin-binding proteins to form bundles and create networks of individual actin filaments. Microtubules rely on microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) to form sturdy cylindrical structures. However, the proteins involved in forming complex...
Mechanism of Ciliary Motion01:05

Mechanism of Ciliary Motion

The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
The cilia are made up of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement, with nine microtubule doublet ring bundles, surrounding a pair of central singlet microtubule bundles. The doublet microtubule bundles are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Simple Detection of Primary Cilia by Immunofluorescence
08:07

Simple Detection of Primary Cilia by Immunofluorescence

Published on: May 15, 2020

Assembly of primary cilia.

Lotte B Pedersen1, Iben R Veland, Jacob M Schrøder

  • 1Department of Biology, Section of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. lbpedersen@bio.ku.dk

Developmental Dynamics : an Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists
|April 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Primary cilia are vital sensory organelles. This review details their assembly mechanisms, including intraflagellar transport (IFT), crucial for cell function and development.

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Volumetric Imaging and Analysis of Primary Cilia in Musculoskeletal Tissue using the ARL13B-CENTRIN-2 Mouse Model
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Volumetric Imaging and Analysis of Primary Cilia in Musculoskeletal Tissue using the ARL13B-CENTRIN-2 Mouse Model

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Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Simple Detection of Primary Cilia by Immunofluorescence
08:07

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Published on: May 15, 2020

Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Assessing Primary Cilia
08:58

Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Assessing Primary Cilia

Published on: May 1, 2021

Volumetric Imaging and Analysis of Primary Cilia in Musculoskeletal Tissue using the ARL13B-CENTRIN-2 Mouse Model
09:53

Volumetric Imaging and Analysis of Primary Cilia in Musculoskeletal Tissue using the ARL13B-CENTRIN-2 Mouse Model

Published on: March 28, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Primary cilia are microtubule-based sensory organelles on growth-arrested cells.
  • Defects in cilia assembly/function are linked to diseases like polycystic kidney disease and Bardet Biedl Syndrome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular mechanisms of primary cilia assembly in vertebrate cells.
  • To provide an updated overview of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) system.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on primary cilia assembly.
  • Focus on intraflagellar transport (IFT) mechanisms.
  • Inclusion of studies from model organisms like Chlamydomonas and Caenorhabditis elegans.

Main Results:

  • Detailed overview of early cilia assembly stages.
  • Description of the conserved intraflagellar transport (IFT) system.
  • Discussion of non-IFT proteins, such as centrosomal proteins, in cilia assembly.

Conclusions:

  • Primary cilia assembly involves complex molecular mechanisms, including IFT.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for addressing associated human diseases.
  • Further research in model organisms aids in elucidating vertebrate cilia assembly.