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Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Precision Measurements and Parametric Models of Vertebral Endplates
Published on: September 17, 2019
Principal components analysis of the atlas vertebra
Christopher A Meseke1, Stephen M Duray, Sebastien R Brillon
1Academic Affairs, Palmer College of Chiropractic, Florida Campus, Port Orange, Fla 32129, USA. christopher.meseke@palmer.edu
This study found significant morphological asymmetry in the atlas (C1 vertebra), particularly in vertebral canal width and articular facet shape. These findings suggest potential biomechanical implications for spinal cord health.
Area of Science:
- Anatomy
- Anthropology
- Biomechanics
Background:
- The atlas (C1 vertebra) is crucial for head movement and spinal cord protection.
- Understanding morphological variations and asymmetries is vital for anatomical and clinical studies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate morphological asymmetry of the atlas by comparing bilateral structural variables.
- To identify specific atlantal dimensions that exhibit significant asymmetry.
Main Methods:
- Bilateral measurement of 12 dimensions on 237 atlases from the Hamann-Todd Osteological Collection.
- Utilized principal components analysis, multivariate analysis of variance, and paired t tests for statistical analysis.
Main Results:
- Significant bilateral differences were observed in anteroposterior length and width of the superior articular facet, vertebral canal width, anteroposterior diameter of the inferior facet, and superior articular facet convergence angle.
- Over 99% of variance was explained by 11 eigenvectors, with most dominated by single variables.
Conclusions:
- The atlas exhibits significant asymmetry in vertebral canal width and the morphology of its superior and inferior articular facets.
- Further research is needed to explore the biomechanical role of these asymmetries and their potential impact on spinal cord encroachment.
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