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Related Concept Videos

American Trypanosomiasis01:22

American Trypanosomiasis

Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is a vector-borne parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a flagellated protozoan (kinetoplastid) of the family Trypanosomatidae. The disease is endemic in Latin America, although cases are increasingly reported worldwide due to human migration. Transmission most commonly occurs when feces of infected triatomine bugs contaminate bite wounds or mucosal surfaces; additional routes include congenital, transfusional, transplant-related, and oral...
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Incomplete Dominance

Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.

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Host genetics in African trypanosomiasis.

David Courtin1, David Berthier, Sophie Thevenon

  • 1Radboud University Medical Center, Medical Parasitology, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands. d.courtin@gmail.com

Infection, Genetics and Evolution : Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Diseases
|April 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Host genetics influence African trypanosomiasis outcomes in animals and humans. Understanding these genetic factors is key to developing new control strategies for both human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) and animal African trypanosomiasis (AAT).

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine and Parasitology
  • Human Tropical Diseases
  • Host Genetics and Immunology

Background:

  • African trypanosomiasis (AAT and HAT) causes significant mortality and economic losses in Africa.
  • Current treatments are toxic and expensive, with no available vaccines.
  • Clinical variability in trypanosomiasis suggests involvement of host, parasite, and environmental factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in host genetics related to African trypanosomiasis in animals and humans.
  • To explore the genetic basis of trypanotolerance in cattle.
  • To discuss perspectives for new control strategies and understanding disease pathophysiology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on host genetics in African trypanosomiasis.
  • Analysis of genetic components contributing to trypanotolerance in livestock (e.g., N'Dama cattle).
  • Examination of evidence for host resistance/tolerance in human cases.

Main Results:

  • Trypanotolerance in West African cattle (N'Dama) demonstrates significant genetic components.
  • Host genetic factors are implicated in the variable clinical presentations of AAT and HAT.
  • Suspected, but not yet confirmed, tolerance/resistance in humans to trypanosomiasis.

Conclusions:

  • Host genetics plays a crucial role in the outcome of African trypanosomiasis.
  • Further research into host genetics can inform the development of novel control strategies.
  • Understanding host-parasite interactions at a genetic level is vital for disease management.