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Related Concept Videos

Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without causing...
Acute Respiratory Failure-I01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-I

Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...
Acute Respiratory Failure-V01:29

Acute Respiratory Failure-V

The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...
Acute Respiratory Failure-IV01:23

Acute Respiratory Failure-IV

Respiratory failure can manifest suddenly or gradually, characterized by a rapid decline in PaO2 and a rapid rise in PaCO2. This situation indicates a severe respiratory problem that may quickly become a life-threatening emergency. One of the early signs of hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) is a change in mental status due to the brain's sensitivity to oxygen levels and changes in acid-base balance. Symptoms such as restlessness, confusion, and agitation suggest inadequate oxygen...
Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Non-Intubated Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery
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Non-Intubated Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery

Published on: May 26, 2023

Respiratory failure following pulmonary resection.

Bernard J Park1

  • 1Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA. parkb@mskcc.org

Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
|April 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Postresection lung injury after pulmonary resection can cause significant morbidity and mortality. This review clarifies definitions, causes, and treatments for this rare but serious complication.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Perioperative management advances have decreased overall postoperative complication rates following pulmonary resections.
  • However, postresection respiratory failure, specifically unexplained lung injury, persists as a significant cause of patient morbidity and mortality.
  • The low incidence of this specific lung injury leads to poorly defined terminology, pathogenesis, and management strategies in existing literature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define the criteria for identifying postresection lung injury.
  • To explore potential etiologic factors contributing to its development.
  • To outline current therapeutic approaches for managing this condition.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on postresection lung injury.

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Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
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Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

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Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Non-Intubated Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery
05:39

Non-Intubated Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery

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Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
06:22

Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Published on: April 7, 2021

  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria and reported causes.
  • Synthesis of treatment strategies from available evidence.

    • Main Results:

    • Established criteria for defining postresection lung injury are presented.
    • Potential etiological factors are discussed, though often multifactorial.
    • Current treatment strategies are outlined, emphasizing supportive care and individualized approaches.

    Conclusions:

    • Postresection lung injury remains a critical complication despite surgical advances.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate its pathogenesis and optimize management.
    • Clearer definitions and standardized approaches are essential for improving patient outcomes.