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Gender and human chronic renal disease
Sharon Silbiger1, Joel Neugarten
1Division of Nephrology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10467, USA. ssilbige@montefiore.org
Gender Medicine
|May 28, 2008
Summary
Men progress faster to end-stage renal failure than women in several kidney diseases. This review explores gender-based differences in renal disease progression and potential hormonal influences.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Endocrinology
- Sex Differences in Medicine
Background:
- Gender significantly impacts the incidence, prevalence, and progression of renal diseases.
- Animal models and hormonal manipulation studies suggest sex hormones directly influence kidney disease progression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review animal and human studies on the role of gender in renal disease progression.
- To elucidate potential physiological mechanisms underlying gender-specific effects on kidney disease.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review and evaluation of studies on renal disease progression rates in animal models and humans.
- Literature search of PubMed (1990-2007) using terms: gender, sex, renal disease, kidney.
- Review of studies on factors contributing to slower female renal progression and hormonal effects.
Main Results:
- Men exhibit faster progression to end-stage renal failure in conditions like polycystic kidney disease and IgA nephropathy.
- Males with type 1 diabetes mellitus show a higher likelihood of developing renal disease markers like proteinuria.
- Potential contributing factors include diet, kidney size, glomerular hemodynamics, and sex hormones; estrogens often slow progression in animal models.
Conclusions:
- Further research is needed to understand the factors driving gender disparities in renal disease progression.
- Investigating the impact of hormonal treatments on gender-based differences in kidney disease is warranted.
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