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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
Drug Concentrations: Measurements01:23

Drug Concentrations: Measurements

Drug concentration is the quantity of a drug present in a biological sample. Measuring drug amounts in biological samples allows the clinician to understand how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted. Samples can be obtained through invasive or non-invasive methods. Invasive techniques involve surgical or parenteral interventions to gather blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or tissue biopsy. Conversely, non-invasive approaches provide samples like urine, feces, and saliva.
Plasma —...
Special considerations while measuring blood pressure01:28

Special considerations while measuring blood pressure

When assessing blood pressure (BP), healthcare professionals must consider various factors and potential unexpected outcomes to ensure accurate readings and provide proper patient care. Adhering to these guidelines is essential to achieving the most reliable results.
Monitoring Both Arms:
Monitoring BP in both arms during the initial assessment is advisable, as the systolic value may differ by five to ten mm Hg between arms. For subsequent BP assessments, use the arm with the higher reading.
Bioequivalence: Overview01:16

Bioequivalence: Overview

Pharmaceutical equivalents, by definition, are drug products with the same active ingredient in the same quantities, encapsulated in identical dosage forms, and intended for the same administration routes. These pharmaceutical equivalents are deemed bioequivalent if the bioavailability of the active entity in the drug preparations is similar. Moreover, pharmaceutical equivalents demonstrating bioequivalence are also regarded as therapeutically equivalent. This means that when used as directed,...

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Ecotoxicological Methodologies to Evaluate Biomarkers at Different Scales in Neotropical Anurans
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Published on: April 28, 2023

Foreword: Biomonitoring Equivalents special issue.

M E Meek1, B Sonawane, R A Becker

  • 1R. Samuel McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP
|April 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Interpreting human biomonitoring data for environmental chemicals is challenging. Biomonitoring Equivalents (BEs) offer a risk-based tool to assess chemical exposure significance.

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Environmental Health
  • Risk Assessment

Background:

  • Human biomonitoring provides crucial data on environmental chemical exposure.
  • Interpreting the health implications of these chemical levels is complex.
  • Existing methods lack standardized risk-based interpretation frameworks.

Discussion:

  • The Biomonitoring Equivalents (BEs) approach integrates dosimetry and risk assessment.
  • BEs aim to provide a scientifically sound basis for interpreting biomonitoring results.
  • This special issue presents guidelines for deriving and communicating BEs.

Key Insights:

  • BEs are essential for understanding the significance of chemical concentrations in biological samples.
  • The BE approach facilitates communication between scientists, health professionals, and the public.
  • Case studies demonstrate the practical application of BEs for specific environmental chemicals.

Outlook:

  • Further development and application of BEs will enhance environmental chemical risk assessment.
  • Standardized BEs can improve public health protection by clarifying exposure risks.
  • This work paves the way for more effective human biomonitoring data interpretation globally.