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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
Burn Injuries01:22

Burn Injuries

Burn injuries occur when the skin and underlying tissues are damaged due to exposure to heat, electricity, chemicals, radiation, or friction. They can vary in severity, from minor superficial burns to severe deep burns that can be life-threatening.
The damage results in the death of skin cells, which can lead to a massive loss of fluid. Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and renal and circulatory failure follow, which can be fatal. Burn patients are treated with intravenous fluids to offset...
Cellular Injury II: Classification01:21

Cellular Injury II: Classification

Cellular injury is any process that disrupts a cell’s ability to maintain homeostasis, leading to structural or functional changes. It is broadly classified based on etiology (cause) and mechanism of damage.Classification by EtiologyCellular injury may result from several causes. Hypoxic injury happens due to reduced oxygen delivery, most commonly from inadequate blood supply, such as arterial obstruction; for example, coronary artery thrombosis can cause myocardial infarction. Chemical injury...
Cellular Injury I: Introduction01:00

Cellular Injury I: Introduction

Cellular injury occurs when a cell cannot maintain homeostasis or adapt to stressors such as hypoxia, toxins, or trauma. Depending on severity and duration, injury may be reversible, allowing recovery, or irreversible, leading to cell death.General Mechanisms of Cell InjuryAlthough causes vary, most cellular injuries arise from a few key mechanisms that disrupt essential functions and often amplify one another. Cell survival depends on the extent and balance of these disturbances.ATP depletion...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Method for Recording Broadband High Resolution Emission Spectra of Laboratory Lightning Arcs
07:51

Method for Recording Broadband High Resolution Emission Spectra of Laboratory Lightning Arcs

Published on: August 27, 2019

Lightning injury: a review.

Amber E Ritenour1, Melinda J Morton, John G McManus

  • 1U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.

Burns : Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries
|April 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lightning strikes are rare but dangerous, causing severe injuries with lasting effects. This review covers lightning injury causes, symptoms, and treatment for burn center patients.

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Method for Recording Broadband High Resolution Emission Spectra of Laboratory Lightning Arcs
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Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Environmental Health
  • Traumatology

Background:

  • Lightning strikes are an infrequent yet severe cause of patient injury, particularly for those admitted to burn centers.
  • These injuries are characterized by atypical symptoms, a high fatality rate, and considerable long-term health complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of lightning-related injuries.
  • To review the epidemiology, physics, clinical presentation, management, and prevention of lightning injuries.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epidemiology, physics, clinical presentation, management, and prevention of lightning injuries.

Main Results:

  • Lightning injuries present unique challenges in clinical settings.
  • High mortality and significant long-term morbidity are associated with these injuries.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the multifaceted nature of lightning injuries is crucial for effective patient care.
  • A thorough review of epidemiology, physics, clinical presentation, management, and prevention is warranted.