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Related Concept Videos

Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...
Long-patch Base Excision Repair01:02

Long-patch Base Excision Repair

Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level
11:52

Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level

Published on: April 23, 2016

ERCC1/XPF limits L1 retrotransposition.

Stephen L Gasior1, Astrid M Roy-Engel, Prescott L Deininger

  • 1Tulane Cancer Center and Department of Epidemiology, SL66, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. sgasior@uno.edu <sgasior@uno.edu>

DNA Repair
|April 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA repair enzymes limit non-long terminal repeat retrotransposition. The ERCC1/XPF enzyme complex, crucial for DNA repair, was found to restrict LINE-1 retrotransposon activity in human cells.

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Detection of Retrotransposition Activity of Hot LINE-1s by Long-Distance Inverse PCR
10:54

Detection of Retrotransposition Activity of Hot LINE-1s by Long-Distance Inverse PCR

Published on: July 27, 2019

RNA Next-Generation Sequencing and a Bioinformatics Pipeline to Identify Expressed LINE-1s at the Locus-Specific Level
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RNA Next-Generation Sequencing and a Bioinformatics Pipeline to Identify Expressed LINE-1s at the Locus-Specific Level

Published on: May 19, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level
11:52

Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level

Published on: April 23, 2016

Detection of Retrotransposition Activity of Hot LINE-1s by Long-Distance Inverse PCR
10:54

Detection of Retrotransposition Activity of Hot LINE-1s by Long-Distance Inverse PCR

Published on: July 27, 2019

RNA Next-Generation Sequencing and a Bioinformatics Pipeline to Identify Expressed LINE-1s at the Locus-Specific Level
11:04

RNA Next-Generation Sequencing and a Bioinformatics Pipeline to Identify Expressed LINE-1s at the Locus-Specific Level

Published on: May 19, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Retrotransposons, particularly non-long terminal repeat (non-LTR) elements like LINE-1, are active in human and mouse genomes.
  • These elements contribute to genomic variation and disease through de novo insertions.
  • The interaction between non-LTR retrotransposons and host DNA repair mechanisms is largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the ERCC1/XPF heterodimer, a key DNA repair complex, in regulating LINE-1 retrotransposition.
  • To determine if human flap endonucleases can process LINE-1 retrotransposition intermediates.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic manipulation of ERCC1/XPF levels in human cells.
  • Assessing LINE-1 retrotransposition rates under varying ERCC1/XPF expression.
  • Complementation assays in ERCC1-deficient hamster cells.

Main Results:

  • Reducing XPF expression in human cells led to an increase in LINE-1 retrotransposition.
  • Restoring ERCC1 function in deficient hamster cells decreased LINE-1 retrotransposition.
  • These findings indicate that DNA repair enzymes actively limit non-LTR retrotransposition.

Conclusions:

  • The ERCC1/XPF DNA repair complex acts as a barrier to non-LTR retrotransposition.
  • This interaction provides insights into the genetic instability observed in individuals with ERCC1 or XPF deficiencies.
  • DNA repair pathways play a critical role in maintaining genome stability against retrotransposon activity.