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Martin Klingenspor¹, Tobias Fromme, David A Hughes

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Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Brown adipose tissue generates heat through uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in mammals. Discoveries show UCP1 exists in diverse vertebrates, challenging its presumed recent evolutionary origin.

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Evolutionary Biology
Physiology

Background:

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic organ in placental mammals, crucial for maintaining body temperature via nonshivering thermogenesis.
BAT's function relies on specialized features like sympathetic innervation, vascularization, high lipolytic capacity, mitochondrial density, and the unique expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1).
Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is a mitochondrial protein essential for nonshivering thermogenesis, as demonstrated in knockout mouse studies.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the evolutionary origins of UCP1 and its role in thermogenesis.
To challenge the long-held assumption that UCP1 and BAT are exclusive to placental mammals.
To lay the groundwork for comparative studies on UCP1 orthologues across vertebrate evolution.

Main Methods:

Comparative analysis of UCP1 orthologues across different vertebrate species.
Utilizing findings from knockout mouse studies to understand UCP1's function.
Investigating the presence of UCP1 in ectotherm vertebrates and marsupials.

Main Results:

The discovery of UCP1 orthologues in ectotherm vertebrates and marsupials refutes the presumption of its exclusive origin in placental mammals.
UCP1 is confirmed as essential for nonshivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue.

Conclusions:

The evolutionary history of UCP1 is more complex and ancient than previously assumed.
Comparative studies of UCP1 orthologues are now possible to determine when it acquired its thermogenic properties during vertebrate evolution.