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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors01:27

Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:
Regulation of Food Intake01:30

Regulation of Food Intake

Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
Intracellular Hormone Receptors01:08

Intracellular Hormone Receptors

Lipid-soluble hormones diffuse across the plasma and nuclear membrane of target cells to bind to their specific intracellular receptors. These receptors act as transcription factors that regulate gene expression and protein synthesis in the target cell
Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose01:16

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Arteriovenous Metabolomics to Measure In Vivo Metabolite Exchange in Brown Adipose Tissue
02:55

Arteriovenous Metabolomics to Measure In Vivo Metabolite Exchange in Brown Adipose Tissue

Published on: October 6, 2023

Adiponectin: an intriguing hormone for paediatricians.

F Savino1, E Petrucci, Ge Nanni

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. francesco.savino@unito.it

Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)
|April 10, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Adiponectin, a hormone in breast milk, may help prevent childhood obesity. Further research into adiponectin

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Pediatrics
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Adiponectin is a protein hormone produced by adipocytes.
  • It is present in breast milk and linked to childhood obesity prevention.
  • Its precise biological functions are still under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the emerging role of adiponectin in pediatric research.
  • To explore the potential of adiponectin in preventing childhood obesity.
  • To understand the bioactivity of adiponectin in relation to infant development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical and experimental studies.
  • Analysis of research on adiponectin's effects on metabolism and development.
  • Synthesis of findings regarding adiponectin's anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic properties.

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Characterization of Adipocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Secretion Using a CD63-GFP Reporter Mouse Model In Vivo and In Vitro
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Characterization of Adipocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Secretion Using a CD63-GFP Reporter Mouse Model In Vivo and In Vitro

Published on: December 5, 2025

Expansion and Adipogenesis Induction of Adipocyte Progenitors from Perivascular Adipose Tissue Isolated by Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting
08:28

Expansion and Adipogenesis Induction of Adipocyte Progenitors from Perivascular Adipose Tissue Isolated by Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting

Published on: June 30, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Arteriovenous Metabolomics to Measure In Vivo Metabolite Exchange in Brown Adipose Tissue
02:55

Arteriovenous Metabolomics to Measure In Vivo Metabolite Exchange in Brown Adipose Tissue

Published on: October 6, 2023

Characterization of Adipocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Secretion Using a CD63-GFP Reporter Mouse Model In Vivo and In Vitro
10:40

Characterization of Adipocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Secretion Using a CD63-GFP Reporter Mouse Model In Vivo and In Vitro

Published on: December 5, 2025

Expansion and Adipogenesis Induction of Adipocyte Progenitors from Perivascular Adipose Tissue Isolated by Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting
08:28

Expansion and Adipogenesis Induction of Adipocyte Progenitors from Perivascular Adipose Tissue Isolated by Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting

Published on: June 30, 2017

Main Results:

  • Adiponectin plays a role in regulating lipid and glucose metabolism.
  • It influences fetal development and exhibits anti-inflammatory effects.
  • Paediatric research shows growing interest in adiponectin's functions.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding adiponectin's bioactivity is crucial.
  • This knowledge may confirm breast milk's role in preventing childhood obesity.
  • Further investigation is needed to establish definitive links.